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STEREOTYPICAL RISKS AND THREATS IN THE YOUTH’S OPINION (DIACHRONIC COMPARATIVE ASPECT)
стр.4-7
Morel Morel D. A., Spivak L. N., Shatilina S.I.
The paper reveals the structure of associative fields of words-stimuli "danger", "risk", "threat", fixed in 1988-90 (the materials of "Russian Association Dictionary") and in 2015 (the results of authors’ associative experiment). The obtained results demonstrate the structural stability of these fields diachronically on the one hand and explicit redistribution of "association vectors" within them on the other one. By the end of the historical period under study, the corresponding fragment of the associative network gets saturated with new nodes and demonstrates considerable increase in density and relevance of internal relations. The degree of anxiety (and emotionality in general) in stereotypical perception of danger, risk and threat by modern youth is reduced, such phenomena begin to be perceived somewhat abstractly, and from distance.
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«HAZARDOUS ZONES» WITHIN «SECURITY PERIMETER»: COMPARATIVE STUDY ON THE MATERIAL OF FOLKLORIC DISCOURSE
стр.8-11
Ryazanova E.V., Morel Morel D.A.
The article considers the concept of "house" as a core element of "security perimeter" (the term by A. Leroy-Gourhan) on the material of English, Russian and Scottish ballads. Two models of "house" were built, revealing national specificity but, however, remarkable similarities. The main grounds on which these models differ are the overall degree of openness / closure towards the outside world, the clarity of boundaries between loci, the degree of privacy of the inner loci, the extent of the mediator space. It is shown that in both cases the house is perceived as a highly complicated structure, an open system which internal and external borders are completely or partially pervious in some segments. It causes some vulnerabilities to negative external impacts (of social and supernatural origin) in "security perimeter" and loci of "space under threat" inside the house (and the adjoining protected areas). In addition, it is shown that the "security perimeter" as a complex hierarchical system displays the properties of self-similarity.
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JARGON IN SPORT DISCOURSE: FORMATION AND FUNCTIONING
стр.12-17
Abrosimova L.S., Bogdanova M.A.
The paper discusses the major ways of sport jargon formation and the peculiarities of its functioning. Jargonisms come into the Russian word-stock through both borrowings from other languages (mostly English) and discourses. Among the productive means of word-stock enrichment are metaphorization, author’s word-building, blending and others. The results of the texts analysis allow the authors of the paper come to the conclusion that there is an increase in the tendency of interpenetration of different discourses, which is caused by the great interest in the phenomenon of sport on behalf of different participants of sport discourse; by the dynamic nature of discourse practices; by the growing number of social relationships and the roles performed by linguistic personalities; by globalization processes.
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THE CONCEPTS "PERSONALITY", "LANGUAGE PERSONALITY" AND POSSIBILITY OF THEIR MODELING IN A LITERARY TEXT
стр.18-21
This article deals with the analysis of the concepts "Language Personality" and "Personality" being current in modern times. The text of the article provides information on how to treat these notions in terms of the branches of linguistics as sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, lingvosocionics, cultural linguistics, etc., as well as from the standpoint of psychology. In addition, the article focuses on the capabilities of studying and modeling personality and linguistic identity of the person on the material of a literary text. The basis for the proposed variant of modeling personality was a theoretical model of personality structure proposed by Sigmund Freud, which consists of three elements: the Id (the unconscious beginning), Ego (the conscious part) and Superego (the level representing the social norms and rules of behavior in society). The examples analyzed in the article, taken from the story by D. Granin "Zubr" represent the possibility of using literary texts as the material for modeling language personality.
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MENTALESE: THE CONFLICT BETWEEN LANGUAGE AND THOUGHT
стр.22-23
Purpose: What does mentalese refer to as a theory introduced in the science of language is the main concern of this paper. Method: The study is mainly descriptive where previous and related studies are reviewed and presented to reach a view about mentalese as an introduced theory in the science of language. Results: It has been argued for a long time whether we think in language or do we use language to think. Having known two or more languages, do you we think separately in each language? Does each language possesses a different place in our brains? Conclusions: There seems to be an agreement about the availability of mentalese as a linguistic faculty but there are different views about the nature and the interpretation of this faculty in relation to thought.
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THE PHILOSOPHY OF STRUCTURALISM IN LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS
стр.24-29
Moghaddas Bahram, Dekhnich O. V.
Structuralism is an intellectual movement to the human sciences with a profound effect on linguistics, sociology and other fields as well as philosophy which tries to analyze a specific field as a sophisticated system of interrelated parts. Structuralism believes that all human activity and its products are constructed and not natural. It also holds that everything has meaning. Structuralism underlies on the concepts that every system possesses a structure, that structure determines the position of every element of a whole, that structural rules deal with coexistence than changes, and that structures are the "real things" underlying the surface of meaning.In language and linguistic studies, structuralism includes collecting a corpus of utterances and then attempting to classify all of the elements of the corpus at their different linguistic levels. It also tries to explain broad subjects by surveying their individual components and the way they interact to each other. Taking the structuralist’s approach to language teaching will help the teachers and practitioners develop a methodology and then apply to any problem. It assists the students to learn through context. The structural approach views the language as being divided into various components interacting with each other and then forming the rules of the language.
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COHESION AS A STRUCTURAL SEMANTIC FEATURE IN THE TEXT OF BUSINESS LETTERS (BY THE EXAMPLE OF THE FRENCH AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES)
стр.30-34
Baghana J., Kuksova Ye. L.
This article deals with the structural semantic problems of the textual organization of the business letter in French and Russian. The authors of the article study the cohesion phenomenon in the business letter text and draw a comparative analysis for the phenomenon in languages under study.The cohesion in the text of a business letter is represented in the textual interrelation of separate parts and sentences with the help of lexical, morphological and syntactical means. Two types of the linear cohesion are peculiar to the business letter: semantic linking и semantic overlap.The authors describe several levels of the semantic linking in the text of a business letter: lexical, grammatical и syntactical (coherence). The semantic linking at the lexical level is represented by reduplications and repeats; at the grammatical level - by the abidance by the grammar rules in writing business letters in the French and Russian languages; at the syntactical level - by the coherence means (language ties, language connectors).The authors develop the notion of the semantic overlap and note that the phenomenon under study borders with the semantic repetitions and coincides with them in case if the lexical unit is replaced with a synonym.
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ARABIC IN THE LEAD-UP TO THE ARAB SPRING: FUSION OR DIFFUSION
стр.35-46
This article aims to place the Arabic language in its recent historical context and proposes to describe the situation of Arabic in the period preceding and leading to the Arab Spring from the perspective of the degree to which Arabic language change and variation are moving in the direction of more fusion or diffusion. By diffusion I mean a situation in which divergences among the dialects of one language continue to grow and fragment, causing them eventually to develop into separate and largely mutually unintelligible systems. Fusion, on the other hand, is a process where dialectal variations in one language contract and gain wider acceptance, bringing more vitality for the Standard dialect at the level of social use and resulting in higher levels of mutual intelligibility among the dialects. I dedicate Part One of this paper to an overview of nomenclature and the ideological controversies surrounding Arabic language variation and where this variation is heading. In Part Two, I review the various arguments advanced by a substantial number of researchers who are of the view that forces of Arabic diffusion are solid enough to lead Standard Arabic and the dialects in the direction of a growing chasm. Part Three is the antithesis of Part Two and represents the major contribution of this paper. Here, I argue, based on the literature review and on oral and textual observations and analyses, that the forces of fragmentation notwithstanding, the changes that have obtained since the post-independence era at the level of rates of literacy militate for consolidating the role of Standard Arabic, for increased intelligibility among the dialects, and for closing the gap between the dialects and the Standard, albeit slowly, especially with the increased use of Arabic as one medium of expression of the Arabic Spring, on the Web and on the street.
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THE ROLE OF BELGOROD MASS-MEDIA IN FORMING PUBLIC AGENDA
стр.47-51
Zakharova S. A., Polonsky A. V.
The article reveals the modalities of mass-media’s influence on public consciousness. The correlation of political, public and media agendas has also been investigated. For the first time the investigation has been made with consideration for a region, by the example of the Belgorod Region.
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SUPERLATIVE IN THE POETRY OF MARINA TSVETAYEVA
стр.52-56
Panteleyev A. F., Dolmatova A. S.
This article deals with the research of functioning of superlatives as the means of creating expressive intensity and expression in the language of Marina Tsvetayeva’s poetry. Synthetic forms of the superlative degree of adjectives take an important place among the means of expressing in the works by Tsvetayeva. A specific feature of Marina Tsvetayeva’s poetry is the usage of synthetic forms in the constructions where a simple form of superlatives is governed by a noun in the genitive case with the preposition «из».The presence of a prepositional-case word form allows to convey the absolute degree of demonstration of the character in the subject brighter, focus the recipient’s attention on the highest degree of characteristic’s intensity.Marina Tsvetayeva’s poetry is also characterized by using in these structures the attributive pronoun «весь» in the plural form. The use of the attributive pronoun emphasizes that this comparison has the character of a full coverage of the compared objects. It indicates brighter that the sign is manifested at the highest level, despite of the large number of things, which are associated with the subject (which has this feature).A distinctive means of creating expressiveness in Tsvetayeva’s lyrics is the use of occasional synthetic forms of superlative adjectives. These appear in the form of adjectives in which the semantics does not allow the formation of the superlative degree of comparison.
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THE PROBLEM OF COGNITIVE-SEMANTIC GROUNDS FOR VERBS POLYSEMY IN ENGLISH
стр.57-60
Kapuhra N.V., Drozdova T.V., Karpova I.A.
In the modern world one of the leading tendencies in linguistics is cognitive semantics which studies meanings of language units as a result of informative people's activity and a way of knowledge representation. For modern linguistics an extremely prominent aspect is the research of typological characteristics of semantic universals. One of the major semantic universals is the regular polysemy and a secondary lexical nomination. The given article considers the problem of the cognitive and semantic basis for polysemanticism of verbs in English as one of the main mental processes that promotes changes and development of the meaning of words, the verbs in particular.
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COMMUNICATIVE AND COGNITIVE FEATURES OF ART DISCOURSE AND SCIENCE OF LANGUAGE
стр.61-66
The paper describes the communicative and cognitive signs of literary discourse and its interpretations in linguistics. Different interpretations of discourse in modern linguistic research are considered.The author's literary discourse is described in terms of the conception, with respect to which the researcher positions himself. The world view of the writer is often manifested in the framework of the verbalization of a number of concepts that are organically included in idiosphere of individual author’s works. Reconstructing a hypothetical generalizing model of a linguistic identity of the author is based on the description and analysis of linguistic material use as the basis for interpretation of the semiotic discourse space. Individual concept sphere and the author’s thesaurus can be considered as an epistemological base of language personality of the writer.It is conjectured that the literary discourse serves to highlight the relevant objects and essential features of language personality of the writer. Language personality of the writer is treated as a model element of national linguocultural community.
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METHODS OF REPRESENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF GOOD AND EVIL IN CH. T. AYTMATOV’S WORKS (BASED ON THE NOVEL “CASSANDRA’S BRAND”)
стр.67-70
The article considers the ways of representation of concepts of "good" and "evil" as universals of human thinking in terms of cognitive linguistics, reveals their informative features on the basis of their verbal objectification in the Aytmatov’s language (based on the novel " Cassandra’s Brand").This article gives linguo-cognitive description of individual authorial concepts of "evil and good". The study of individual authorial concepts exposes the system of the hierarchy of senses of values of creative language personality. Individual value priorities do not always coincide with the value priorities being generally accepted in the society.
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