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HUMILITY IN THE ECONOMIC ETHICS OF THE RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH
стр.4-27
Using a number of concepts from Weber’s sociology of religion (economic ethics/ethos, typology of asceticism/mysticism, Weber’s reception of Nietzsche’s idea of ressentiment), the author addresses the economic ethos of contemporary Russian Orthodoxy. An analysis of “humility” (smirenie) - one of the key virtues of the contemporary economic ethics of the Russian Orthodox Church - is provided. The author builds a typology of various understandings of humility in Russian Orthodoxy today in connection with the economic practices of Orthodox actors. This article distinguishes seven types of humility. Each of the types may be associated with a vision of economics and social relations. They are grouped into two main clusters - humility associated with obedience to another person and humility not associated with such obedience. The author concludes that this key ethical category of Orthodoxy can denote very different types of relations and economic motivations. This, in turn, means that very different types can be preached at the same time, including those that have more or less productive and even possibly destructive ramifications. Examples are given that show that the fostering and development of some ethical ideas in social life can lead to ambiguous or problematic consequences.
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VOCATION IN THE FLESH: GENDER AND EMBODIMENT IN THE RELIGIOUS ANTHROPOLOGY OF MODERN CATHOLICISM
стр.28-47
In the early and medieval Christian tradition, the gendered body was understood as an obstacle to the cultivation of virtues on the one hand, and as a potential medium for transgressions on the other. Contemporary Catholic anthropology has another view of the subject’s body and its senses and desires. This article is concerned with the pastoral project of increasing vocations and the way it is realized within Russian Catholic parishes. It also focuses on its rhetoric, placing significant emphasis on gendered embodiment. Based on participant observation materials and interviews with Catholics who have been “called,” the author analyzes the strategies for making a calling to celibacy genuine and persuasive. By including gender and sexuality within the concept of vocation, such rhetoric not only makes it possible to show consecrated life as something attractive, intelligible, and real, but also to raise awareness of true masculinity and femininity. Even though church discipline prescribes solitude, in this rhetoric, celibacy does not require one to become a disembodied and asexual angel. Conversely, by applying gendered embodiment, religious specialists aim to emphasize its utmost importance for vocation, which presupposes celibacy, thereby confronting both the early Christian perspective on the sinful body and secular views on constructed gender
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VSEIASVETNAIA GRAMOTA: KABBALISTIC HERMENEUTICS AND UTOPIAN COMPARATIVE STUDIES
стр.48-73
The post-Soviet cultural landscape is characterized by the popularity of nationalistic ideas and narratives, which apply conspiratorial explanatory models and suggest various versions of “alternative history.” They are framed, in particular, with amateur concepts of language shaping what can be called cryptolinguistics. This type of cryptolinguistic discourse is illustrated in this article with the case of the so-called VseiaSvetnaia Gramota (the“WorldWide Script”), which teaches that an esoteric Slavic alphabet “encodes” the entire universe. The doctrine's discursive design and its interpretive patterns give an opportunity to track the connections between Western esotericism, the history of philology, and nationalism.
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POPULAR RELIGIOSITY AND IMAGES OF THE PRIESTHOOD DURING THE FIRST WORLD WAR AND REVOLUTION
стр.74-100
The article investigates the reasons for the spread of negative images of the clergy, captured during World War I in the letters of ordinary people and, after 1917, in visual sources. The author explores the state of the systemic religious crisis in the Russian Empire, which manifested itself at different levels: in the relations between those who waited for the convocation of the Church Council (Pomestnyi sobor) and those who resisted it; intraclerical conflicts between representatives of the lower and higher hierarchies; conflicts between the parish clergy and parishioners; and contradictions in the writings of the religious philosophers. It is noted that the Great War contributed to the spread of mystical and eschatological sentiments among the different social groups, the growing popularity of sects, and the simultaneous wave of dechurching (rastserkovlenie).
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A NEW LOOK AT THE FIRST ANTI-CHURCH DECREES OF THE SOVIET GOVERNMENT. REVIEW OF: VLADIMIR VOROB’EV AND L.B. MILIAKOVA, EDS. 2016. OTDELENIE TSERKVI OT GOSUDARSTVA I SHKOLY OT TSERKVI V SOVETSKOI ROSSII, OKTIABR’ 1917-1918: SBORNIK DOKUMENTOV [SEPARATION OF CHURCH FROM STATE AND SCHOOL FROM CHURCH IN SOVIET RUSSIA, OCTOBER 1917-1918: COLLECTION OF DOCUMENTS]. MOSCOW: PSTGU (IN RUSSIAN). - 944 PP
стр.101-104
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THAT WHEREOF WE CANNOT SPEAK, THEREOF WE MUST IMAGINE. REVIEW OF: A. ZYGMONT. 2018. SVIATAIA NEGATIVNOST’: NASILIE I SAKRAL’NOE V FILOSOFII ZHORZHA BATAIA [HOLY NEGATIVITY: VIOLENCE AND THE SACRED IN GEORGES BATAILLE’S PHILOSOPHY]. MOSCOW: NOVOE LITERATURNOE OBOZRENIE (IN RUSSIAN). - 320 PP
стр.105-112
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