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THE PERCEPTION OF ISLAM IN RUSSIA: THE COMPARATIVE DIMENSION
стр.4-22
Malakhov V., Letnyakov D.
Whereas a political market has developed in Western Europe in which negative clichés about Islam and Muslims are in demand, in Russia this market has not appeared. There are two reasons for this: the “autochthonous” nature of Islam in Russia and the specific features of the current political system. Due to these two factors, public articulation of negative attitudes toward Islam and Muslims is hampered and parties with an openly Islamophobic agenda are unlikely to emerge. At the same time, Russia is experiencing tensions similar to those in Western European societies. They include conflicts concerning the presence of Islamic symbols in the public sphere, such as wearing the hijab in public schools and building mosques in regions where Muslims are a minority. In spite of the officially promoted rhetoric of “interfaith harmony,” Russian society is deeply polarized. In regions where Muslims predominate the patterns of Islamic presence are different. As for migration into Russia from outside, this has not been an issue of public debate until very recently; Central Asian immigrants have been per ceived in terms of their ethnicity rather than religion. A shift in perception has begun to occur due to three reasons: (a) a reflection of the Western agenda in Russian media; (b) the increasing visibility of Muslim immigrants in public space; and (c) the involvement of Central Asian newcomers in several publicized terrorist attacks.
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PETER AND FEVRONIA AND THE DAY OF FAMILY, LOVE, AND FIDELITY: PRONATALISM AND UNSTABLE GENDER ORDER IN CONTEMPORARY RUSSIA
стр.23-43
This paper investigates the role of the Day of Family, Love, and Fidelity in the deployment of Russian state family policy since 2006. It argues that the holiday is emblematic of a cooperative, rather than synchronous, relationship between church and state in the promotion of pronatalism and so-called “traditional family values,” and highlights the ways in which public discourse around the holiday intentionally obscures internal contradictions within the dominant family ideologies of both institutions. Investigating these contradictions, the paper analyzes the manner in which the state deploys a selective segment of the church’s teachings on marriage, gender, and the family to bolster the official pronatalist agenda while rejecting the church’s most conservative solutions to demographic decline, such as an abortion ban. Most importantly, the paper examines the problematic nature of the deployment of the hagiography of Peter and Fevronia - the basis for the Day of Family - to pronatalist ends, arguing that the clash between the ideal of family life portrayed in the hagiography and the goals of the holiday now celebrated in the saints’ honor points to a larger incompatibility between Orthodox matrimonial theology and the politicized promotion of reproduction.
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TEACHING RELIGION TO CHILDREN IN CONTEMPORARY TATARSTAN: THE CASE OF ISLAM
стр.44-62
This article is devoted to the problem of children's instruction on Islam in the Republic of Tatarstan. Research is based on fieldwork in several rural districts and six cities carried out in June and July 2017, as well as on the analysis of curricula, textbooks, and publications on religious educational reforms. The study shows that the main factor in how religion is taught in public schools is the multiethnic and multireligious composition of the population (54 and 44 percent of Tatar and Russian populations respectively). Of the six available modules for the study of religion and ethics, only two are taught in Tatarstan - Foundations of World Religious Cultures and Foundations of Secular Ethics. The remaining four - Orthodox, Islamic, Judaic and Buddhist Cultures - although widely taught in other Russian regions - are not utilized in the state schools of Tatarstan. This lack of religious instruction in public schools determines the intensity of children's intrareligious education. The case of Islam shows the diversity of forms of children's religious education: religion is taught in Muslim kindergartens, in special courses that operate near mosques, in summer camps, discussions and meetings with imams and Islamic clergy at schools, regular courses of Islamic ethics taught by imams at schools, and at Uthmaniya, the private general-education school founded in Kazan by the Tatarstan Muslim Religious Board. The case of Tatarstan, in which state and religious institutions have divided children's religious education into spheres of influence, is an interesting example of building relations between religion and the state in post-Soviet, post-secular societies.
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TEACHING THE FOUNDATIONS OF ORTHODOX CULTURE IN SCHOOLS OF THE TAMBOV REGION: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PROBLEMS
стр.63-79
This paper analyzes the conceptual bases for introducing and implementing the course “Foundations of World Religious Cultures and Secular Ethics” in public schools of the Tambov region. It draws upon official data presented by the diocesan administration and the regional department of education. The article also presents the results of independent monitoring of the introduction and teaching of “The Foundations of Orthodox Culture” in the Tambov regional schools that was carried out by the staff of the Center for Religious Studies of Tambov State University. This monitoring included questionnaires, attendance at parents’ meetings, and conversations with teachers who were trained in the subject matter and who had experience teaching it. The author analyzes different opinions about teaching “The Foundations of Orthodox Culture” in schools; identifies the most significant problems in this area, which include the preparation of teachers and the low motivation of teachers and students; and gives examples of positive experiences.
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TO BE CONTINUED: THE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL LIFE OF RUSSIA’S REGIONS REVIEW OF: THE RELIGIOUS AND SOCIAL LIFE OF RUSSIA’S REGIONS (RELIGIOZNO-OBSHCHESTVENNAIA ZHIZN’ ROSSIISKIKH REGIONOV). VOL. 3 / ED. S. FILATOV. MOSCOW: LETNII SAD, 2018 (IN RUSSIAN). - 468 PAGES
стр.80-93
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THE ROLE OF TEXT AND CONTEXT IN THE EMERGENCE OF RELIGIOUS STUDIES REVIEW OF: MOLENDIJK, A.L. (2016) FRIEDRICH MAX MüLLER AND THE SACRED BOOKS OF THE EAST. NEW YORK: OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS. - 230 P
стр.94-103
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