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HARMONIZATION OF LABOUR AND MATERIAL RESOURCES IN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING OF THE OREL REGION
стр.3-7
Loskutova O.V., Naumov A.I., Zlobin E.F.
Full independence from milk import deliveries is one of the main problems for food supply security of Russia in difficult international conditions of the country. This problem solution deserves special attention both on the federal and the regional levels. The Orel region is an agrarian sector of the country; therefore it’s very important to provide its inhabitants with dairy products on a full scale as well as to supply milk to other regions of the Russian Federation. The article demonstrates the dynamics of the dairy cattle breeding development in Russia and in the Orel region, which is characterized by reduction of cattle number at a time when animal productivity increases. Through the analysis of the use of financial and labour resources it was revealed that in conditions of market functioning agricultural producers must introduce labour- and resourse-saving technologies into milk production, modern methods of cattle management, as well as achievements of veterinary and zootechnical science, that leads in its turn to the growth of labour productivity, capital productivity ratio and in whole increase of dairy cattle breeding products production efficiency. Application of advanced technologies in cattle breeding is possible only with the engagement of highly-qualified personnel that in its turn is an important condition for realization of Food Security Doctrine of the Russian Federation. Through the conducted analysis of the use of labour and material resources in dairy cattle breeding of the Orel region it was revealed that growth of labour productivity and capital productivity ratio in the region is also connected with the increased number of veterinarians and zootechnicians who graduated from the Orel State Agrarian University and work in different agricultural organizations now.
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THE CLUSTER APPROACH IN ENSURING THE COMPETITIVENESS OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF GRAIN AND GRAIN PRODUCTS MARKET
стр.8-11
The article analyzes the current content of the concept of «agro-industrial cluster» and the author's understanding of the process of clustering regional space is represented. View on the essence of competition through the prism of the cluster approach is reflected. The assessment results of the potential of the clustering regional space of Kursk region on the sphere of activity «agriculture» are presented. The main factors affecting the ability to combine participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster are reflected. The algorithm of making decision about the appropriateness of combining participants of grain and grain products market to a cluster through economic and mathematical modeling based on the theory of fuzzy sets is described. Calculated estimation of the advisability of combining existing participants of grain and grain products market in the agro-industrial cluster is presented. The results of empirical studies on the basis of official statistical reporting of model enterprises - potential cluster participants are presented.
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THE FEATURES OF REPRODUCTION PROCESSES IN THE AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX IN CONDITIONS OF OPEN ECONOMY
стр.12-16
The level of integration of the economic system of Russia with the external economic environment, the global specialty for food products have been investigated. Based on the theory of reproduction, which initially abstracted from the interaction with the external environment, the laws of motion of social capital in simple reproduction considering integrate the national economy into the world economy have been formulated. The necessity of import substitution not only agricultural products, but also the means of its production has been substantiated.
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INFLUENCE OF SELECTION-ORGANIZATIONAL AND GENETIC FACTORS ON EFFICIENCY OF STOCK BREEDING IN DAIRY CATTLE BREEDING OF THE OREL REGION
стр.17-22
The article presents the research results of group of enterprises engaged in dairy cattle breeding according to breeding status, to the number of dairy cattle live stock, to cattle breeds, to management system and dairy cattle productivity. There is productivity comparison of daughters of the stud bulls with mothers, herd mates and mean herd productivity; also the selection is simulated. The dependence of correlations between selection-genetic characteristics from culling intensity is determined. The research is done in the enterprises engaged in dairy cattle breeding in the Orel region.
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MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOCHEMICAL CHANGES OF BLOOD, INDUCED OXIDATIVE STRESS IN COWS WITH HOOF DISEASES
стр.23-26
Yarovan N.I., Smagina N.V., Piscunova O.G.
Morphological and biochemical blood indices in high-yielding cows of Holstein breed with extremity diseases of various etiologies under oxidative stress in industrial dairy cattle management technology were analyzed in article. Over the last 30 years diseases of the distal part of cows’ extremities are the most important problem of livestock, because they cause significant economic damage to the farms at the expense of disposal of a large number of sick animals (50%), first of all, the most productive. Therefore, the dairy cattle management in industrial livestock management requires knowledge of the main causes that determine the hoof diseases, as well as early diagnosis for timely prevention of various hoof diseases. In practice, as a rule, the extremity diseases in the results of the combined effect of several factors are appeared. All these factors prove that metabolic disorders play an important role in pathogenesis hoof diseases of different etiology in cows. We believe that identification of pathogenic mechanisms at the level of metabolic processes for the development of methods for the prevention and correction of violations is perspective. Significant value can have profound biochemical studies for organization and conducting a comprehensive treatment, and it is necessary to detect preclinical disease development.
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IMPROVEMENT OF MILK VETERINARY-SANITARY AND QUALITATIVE PARAMETERS THROUGH NUTRITION SUPPLEMENTS FOR MILKING COWS
стр.27-32
This study deals with feeding milking cows with phytogenic nutrition supplements in order to enhance their metabolic function and milk sanitary and veterinary parameters. The suggested multicomponent phytogenic nutrition supplement contains stems and lower leaves of stevia plants (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni), yacon (Smallanthus sonchifolius) and apple pulps. Stevioside, inulin and pectin are the most valuable elements in the supplement since their combination has a complex beneficial effect on an animal organism. With its unique chemical composition, the supplement can exert anti-inflammatory, diuretic, hypoglycemic, immunomodulatory and antioxidant effects on an animal organism. The nutrition supplement regulates enzyme system, contributes to fat, protein and carbon uptake, and stimulates digestive tract and endocrine system. The analysis of microbial and physiological parameters of rumen digesta of the experimental group showed a growth of protozoa and bacteria contents, greater microbial activity and larger amount of volatile fatty acids (VFAs). The analysis of milk also revealed that feeding milking cows with this supplement stimulates growth of protein, lactose and dry matter contents and leads to rearrangement of protein fractions by increasing casein content and decreasing the amount of whey proteins. At the same time number of somatic cells, total bacterial count, number of inhibitory substances, acidity and density remain within normal limits. Milk sensory analysis also revealed no differences in consistency, color, taste and smell of milk produced by milking cows of experimental and control groups. Therefore, the suggested phytogenic nutrition supplement can bring milk veterinary, sanitary and sensory parameters in line with GOST and enhance overall milk quality. The supplement is easy to produce, has a good storage quality and pleasant flavor making it more appetizing for cattle and economically attractive for farmers.
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REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION AND VIABILITY OFFSPRING OF AMERICAN MINKS WITH DIFFERENT GENOTYPES EXPOSED VETERINARY DRUG «BIOSTIL»
стр.33-37
Zemlyanitskaya E.I., Rasputina O.V., Naumkin I.V., Trapezova L.I., Trapezov O.V.
On the example of the American mink shown differential effects of mutations affecting the coat color on the administration per os integrated veterinary drug «Biostil». Mutations, which influence on the coat color of fur animals, having pleiotropic effects, have an impact on many vital processes, including reproductive function, leading to a later ovulation and egg implantation embryos and also increasing embryonic mortality. Revealed, that the same dose of «Biostil» provided with the differential impact on minks of different genotypes. In the control groups of minks both Standard (+/+ +/+) and double recessive Sapphire (a/a p/p), Lavender (a/a m/m) obtained by the same rate in the pups output per a female: 4,4±0,4; 4,4±0.5; 4,3±0,5, respectively. In the experimental groups, if stimulation of reproductive function among mink Standard was achieved: 5,2±0.3, then among the mutant Sapphire and Lavender , on the contrary, was inhibition: 3,8±0,6; 2,3±0,5, respectively. In the experimental groups of mutant mink recorded decline in viability and developmental rate of kits: decrease safety in the first 10 days after birth and later periods of eye opening compared with kits coloring Standard (+/+ +/+).
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THE GENOFOND OF WINTER TRITICALE AND THE RESULTS OF ITS STUDY IN THE CONDITIONS OF KAMENNAYA STEP OF THE VORONEZH REGION
стр.38-43
Shevchenko V.E., Bocharnikova O.G., Gorbunov V.N.
The article under consideration is dedicated to the results of the environmental testing of the winter triticale genofond from different plant selection stations by major economic characteristics in the conditions of Kamennaya Step of the Voronezh region. Judging by the yields the following varieties are of special importance: Vocaliz - 5,19 t/ha, Legion - 5.87 t/ha, Atstek - 5,32 t/ha, Almaz- 5,64 t/ha, Topaz - 5,32 t/ha, Knyaz - 5,13 t/ha, 97-65t-48-24 - 5.9 t/ha, 97-67T-6P-20 - 5,61 t/ha, 98-191T-22, 98-199T-12-22 - 5,22 t/ha,02-82T-23 - a 5.25 t/ha, Valentin 90 - 5,74 t/ha, Stepan - 5,11 t/ha, Kastus - 5.26 t/ha and others. Varieties with a high protein and starch content are Doctrina 110, Talva 100, Vodoley, Kentavr, Sotnik, 98-191T-22, Ustinia, Tulus and others. Varieties resistant to brown rust are Talva 100, Agraf, Vocaliz, Konsul, Legion, Atstek, Almaz, Valentin-90, Leader, Makar, Orlik, Yubileynaya, Tulus and others. The varieties studied have been recommended for production and should be put into selective programs.
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INFLUENCE OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES OF GROWING LUPIN AND SIRADELLA-OAT MIXTURE ON FORAGE QUALITY IN CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-WESTERN PART OF NON-BLACK SOIL ZONE
стр.44-47
Belchenko S.A., Belous I.N., Dronov A.V., Potsepai S.N.
The research results in long-term field experiment on the effect of fertilizer systems in various technologies of cultivation of lupine and siradella-oat mixture on forage quality are presented. It has been established that the organic fertilizer system of intensive technology thereafter had a positive impact on the accumulation of crude protein and fat in green mass of lupine. The biological technology contributed to the lower accumulation of crude protein, fat, ash and fiber with the exception of sugar which content was higher in relation to the intensive technology. The alternative technology fell back the intensive and biological technologies in the influence on the content of crude protein, ash and sugar in green mass of lupine and as for fiber, it took the intermediate position. The qualitative indicators of green mass of lupine and siradella-oat mixture cultivated under the intensive technology were higher under the biological and alternative ones.
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CONTEMPORARY QUALITY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ELEMENTS IN THE FOOD INDUSTRY
стр.48-51
Bojkovska K., Tomovska J., MOHAMMAD ALI SHARIATI
This paper describes several quality management systems in the food industry. The systems are applied in the quality assessment of all business subjects in the food industry, with the primary objective of protecting consumers and gaining their trust in safe food production and distribution. The adoption of food management systems also gives businesses in the food industry the security and the competitiveness they need on the market. Quality management systems keep up with market globalization and are consequently applied as standard worldwide.
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PREDICTING VALUE OF THE STARTING MATERIAL FOR BREEDING RED CLOVER DIRECTED TO ENHANCE SEED PRODUCTION
стр.52-57
Zaryanova Z.A., Kiryuhin S.V., Latyntseva E.V.
New varieties of red clover should possess not only excellent fodder qualities, but also high yielding seeds. In the breeding work with this culture, starting material with the presence of traits that are positively correlated with increased seed productivity must be used. It was established that, under the conditions of the northern part of the Central Black Earth region of Russia, the seed productivity of red clover has a high conjugation with the weight of the dry mass, number of stems, inflorescences, seeds in heads, seeds formation, the number of seeds in inflorescence of plants (r = 0.55-0.89). The average correlation coefficient between seed yields and the length of the stem, the full expression of the pattern of leaves, weight of 1000 seeds was found (r = 0.30-0.45). Low positive correlation between seed productivity and the number of beans in the head, dispermous bean, number of internodes, the period from the beginning of spring growth before flowering, was determined (r = 0.09-0.24). Studies have shown that seed productivity of tetraploids to a greater extent than diploids determined by the number of productive heads on plant (r = 0,76-0,89), amount of formed seeds in the head (r = 0.84-0.89), mass of 1000 seeds (r = 0.39-0.45). Due to the positive conjugation of red clover's seed productivity with the duration of the period from the beginning of spring growth before flowering, under conditions of Orel region, in contrast to the less favorable regions of the country, the cultivation of early maturing, mid maturing and late maturing varieties of culture for seed purposes is possible. Identified correlations can be used in breeding of red clover both for the selection of the starting material and during the breeding rejections. This will reduce the time of the creation of new varieties with the presence of the trait of increased seed productivity.
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RESEARCH ON PROTEINASE INHIBITORS OF BEANS PHASEOLUS VULGARIS TO MAKE PLANT PROTECTION PRODUCTS FROM PESTS AND DISEASES
стр.58-62
Pavlovskaya N.E., Gagarina I.N., Dzumabaeva B.A., Dzangalina E.D.
An animal body and seed plants have a complex of proteolytic ferments which react in reserve protein breakdown to amino acids in food digestion and seed sprouting. At present a few hundreds of peptidohydrolases of different origin have been described. In regulation of proteolysis inhibitors of proteolytic ferments react. In a living organism they are presented by means of specific protein. Inhibitors have an ability to slow down or stop fermentation. They react in immunity apoptosis, protect plants from parasites protease, regulate ferment strength when sprouting.
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IRRIGATION, INCOME AND POVERTY ALLEVIATION: AN ASSESSMENT STUDY OF KAMPE IRRIGATION DAM IN EJIBA (KOGI STATE, NIGERIA)
стр.63-71
Opeyemi Gbenga, Babatunde Raphael Olarenwaju
Irrigation has been suggested to be a central key part in curbing food scarcity and alleviating poverty not only in Nigeria but also in many other developing countries. The continued dependence on rainfall in agriculture has proved incapable of sustaining the population increase. The study was conducted to assess the role of Kampe irrigation dam on farm household’s income-poverty status in Kogi State, Nigeria. A two stage sampling technique was utilized for the study. Samples were drawn from irrigation beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries within the project community. A total of 140 respondents were interviewed using structured questionnaire. Also, the study used the Foster-Greer-Thorbecke (FGT) model which was used to examine the incidence, gap and severity of poverty among the sampled respondents. Logit regression model was used to identify the factors contributing to poverty state in the study area. The poverty incidence was 41% and 57% for irrigation beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. Poverty gap i.e aggregate expenditure shortfall was 6% and 21% for irrigation beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries respectively. However, poverty severity was much higher among irrigation beneficiaries (28%) and 23% for irrigation non-beneficiaries. Farm household size, total annual farm income and total input cost all contributed to the poverty situation in the study area. The study agree that irrigation dam project would contribute to reducing income-poverty of irrigation farm households, from the result, the study also, based on the key research findings, this study provides recommendations on policy and interventions for making irrigated agriculture effective tool for poverty reduction program.
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RESEARCH AND EVALUATE THE ADVANTAGES OF FLOW INTERPOLATION METHOD IN IDENTIFY AREAS OF CONCENTRATED WATER
стр.72-79
Nguyen Thi Thu Nga, Nguyen Nhu Hung, Trinh Le Hung
Interpolation method has been used effectively in the determination of the direction of flow and the concentration of water. The direction of the flow surface is one of the most important factors in the study of concentration of water. Waters concentrated is cumulative line area terrain understand if the rivers and streams of water supply network focused on it. The determination of the concentration of water directly affects research results in study of floods, landslides, erosion and indirectly affects to the construction of hydroelectric dam reservoirs, canals. Choosing an interpolation methods accurate flow is very important. So, in this article, the author focuses on the advantages of interpolation methods D∞ flow and its effects to the establishment of centralized water than other methods.
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CONSIDERATION OF ANISOTROPY AND CONTACT OF CRACKS EDGE AT STRESS CALCULATIONS OF ROLLING BEARINGS
стр.80-86
Maksimovich O.V., Il’yushin A.V., Ivashhuk A.D.
Investigation of influence of anisotropy on stress-deformed state of base (roller bearings track) considering the appearance of cracks with contacting edges in it is done in the work. The boundary integral equation method is used to determine the stresses. Solution of the Integral equation is done numerically by the mechanical quadrature method. At the task solution it is considered that cracks can be located in the compressive stresses areas, wherefore the cracks edges can contact. The unknown contact stresses on the cracks edges and contact area were determined correspondingly from the set quadratic programming problem. The stresses under the bearings were determined according to the Hertz formula. On the ground of the carried out investigations the following conclusions can be done: mechanical anisotropy of bearings at the track edge allows increasing resistance to brittle crack initiation or decreasing growth rate of fatigue cracks. At that, it is necessary to choose such thermo-mechanical methods of processing at which the module of elasticity in circular direction will be larger than in radial direction (perpendicular to the edge); additional compressive stresses decrease the stress intensity factor (SIF) and tension stresses increase. In this regard in the track neighborhood it is reasonable to do thermal processing to create residual compressive stresses in circular direction. One of the ways to create mechanical anisotropy and compression stresses is insertion of the previously heated thin-walled anisotropic cylinders; the calculated maximum values of the stress intensity factor (SIF) give the possibility to calculate the growth rate of fatigue cracks for different lengths and crack angular inclinations. At that, in the early stages the calculations process is simplified, because here there is the crack edges contact and hence K I =0. Under such conditions a crack will grow along the strait line where it is located. At long lengths of cracks when the crack edges contact is absent, these SIFs allow calculating critical values of crack lengths. Analogical results are obtained for other values of the relations of elasticity modules w, friction factors k, values of parameter m, characterizing the level of additional stresses. These results (which are not provided here) confirm the stated above conclusions on influence of these parameters on the SIF values.
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IMPROVEMENT OF LABOR CONDITIONS AS A FACTOR OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX DEVELOPMENT UNDER THE WTO CONDITIONS
стр.87-95
Rodimcev S.A., Timokhin O.V., Patrin E.I., Shapenkova A.A., Kulakova E.V.
The necessity of preventive measures aimed at improvement of labor conditions in Agro Industrial Complex and its strategic branch - agriculture under the conditions of Russia membership in the WTO is proved. Innovative organizational and technical solutions providing the correspondence of working process flow environment to the sanitary hygienic standards and labor protection requirements for operators of small-capacity threshing devices and boom sprayers of barrow type are suggested on the ground of study of complex system of mechanization of selected and seed breeding process and utilized machine complex.
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INVESTIGATIONOF HARDNESS OF TILLAGE TOOLS BEING HARDENED BY CARBO-VIBRO-ARC METHOD WITH PASTE APPLICATION
стр.96-101
Kolomeichenko A.V., Titov N.V.
The article presents the description of innovative method of hardening of tillage tools, operated in abrasive medium that allows increasing their operating life considerably. It is performed by carbo-vibro-arc surfacing of working bodies using composite metal ceramic pastes with simultaneous thermodiffusion hardening of basic metal of the working body. With application of computerized microhardness tester CMT-1 according to Vickers method the working bodies hardening being hardened by pastes containing aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, boron carbide, ammonium nitrate is defined. Analysis of the data obtained proved that with the increase of percentage content of ceramic components in paste from 10% to 30% microhardness of the surfaced coating also increases regardless the used ceramic component. At the same time the maximum average value of microhardness of the surfaced coating (75 HRC) were showed by the working bodies being surfaced with the paste containing 30% of boron carbide В 4С. Pastes containing 30% of aluminum oxide Al 2O 3 and silicone dioxide SiO 2, were characterized by lower values of coatings microhardness - 69 HRC and 67 HRC correspondingly. With application of pastes containing ammonium nitrate NH 4NO 3, the obtained coatings have the minimum hardness 62 HRC. The optimal content and concentration of paste components that provide increase of wear resistance of the hardened working bodies on the average by 1,8…2,0 times are determined according to the results the carried out tests.
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