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STRUCTURAL CHANGES IN LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION: CASE STUDY REGION POLIMLJE-IBAR
стр.3-13
Rajovic Goran, Bulatovic Jelisavka
The production structure of agriculture in region Polimlje-Ibar, livestock production has a very important role, because without a stable and developed livestock production has not developed agriculture. Therefore, in this paper, shows structural changes in livestock production. In fact, in the period 1960-2010, the total number of agricultural farms that raise cattle has been reduced from 18,070 to 12,263 agricultural farms or 32.1%. Which is after all result of social and economic factors, such as: processes of industrialization and urbanization, depopulation of rural areas, reduced local and regional market, the low purchasing power of the population, transition, privatization, the lack of long-term development strategy for livestock, technological and technical unwillingness processing capacity, lack of organization of primary production, weak linkage of farmers and processors, insufficient and slow recovery cattle breeds. Judging by the number of agricultural farms that raise cattle, production volume, and towards other indicators, livestock production in region Polimlje-Ibar mainly used to meet the needs of households. Smaller part of are intended market. To meet these problems were resolved in an adequate way, it is necessary to bring appropriate strategy in livestock analyzed region with the proposed development measures which must be long term. Agriculture Development Strategy should clearly define macro-zones on which to foster specific livestock species, and based on that subsidizes and assists farmers and households, because only in this way can stop the decline throat livestock, to ensure the increase of livestock production and improve the quality of livestock products.
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THE EPIZOOTIOLOGICAL INDICATORS OF ANTHRAX IN MONGOLIA
стр.14-16
Badmaeva O.B., Bayanzhargal B., Tsydypov V.C.
The results of the analysis of livestock anthrax spread in Mongolia for 2003-2012 are presented in article. Anthrax is registered in the country every year among farm animals. The most wide anthrax spread was noted in 2004-2009. During the study period, there was registered 337 anthrax troubled points, the largest number - 204 points or 60.52% revealed in the Hangai buus region. In Hovsgol aimak of the given region infection was observed in 136 points, which amount 40.35% of the total. Anthrax is not registered in the Bayan-Olgiy, Gov-Sumber, Dornogov’, Omnogov’ aimaks of the country with dry and hot climate. Few cases of animal disease occur in Orkhon, Darkhan-Uul, Sukhbaatar, Tov aimaks.
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MINERAL METABOLISM, TAKING PLACE IN DIFFERENT PHASES OF POSTNATAL ONTOGENESIS IN STANDARD MINKS HAIR COVERING
стр.17-21
Balakirev А.N., Staroverova I.N., Maksimov V.I.
It is proved that the content of mineral elements in standard mink organism can be detected by mineral composition of their hair covering. Considerable changes of mineral elements concentrations in mink hair covering are happening with age. This must be taken in account for forming balanced feed rations. To study mineral metabolism taking place in different postnatal ontogenesis phases in hair covering of standard minks, and also for unbiased assessment of the character of interconnection between the concentration of macro and microelement in hair covering, in blood with its concentration in feed rations biological absorption factor was calculated. The obtained results testify that mineral compositions of the rations applied in the farm and mineral compositions of hair covering of standard minks are interconnected and change seasonably and with aging. Thus, hair covering mineral composition, apparently, can be used as test for balanceness by mineral rations elements for every age of standard minks.
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VARIETY OF REED FESCUE (FESTUCA ORIENTALIS) DEMETRA FOR RESTORATION OF NATURAL AND CREATION OF CULTURAL HAYLANDS AND PASTURES
стр.22-24
Kravtsov V.V., Kravtsov V.А., Ivashenenko I.N.
The article gives brief literature review on history of studying perennial grasses in the Stavropol region. The main advantages of perennial grasses at marginal lands re-cultivation and development of animal husbandry forage reserve are stated. The article describes the characteristic of new variety of reed fescue Demetra and the method of its creation.
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FORMATION DYNAMICS OF THE REPRODUCTIVE PARTS OF THE PEA CULTIVARS WITH VARIOUS TYPES OF BEAN
стр.28-28
Fadeev E.A., Ponomareva M.L., Fadeeva A.N., Shurhaeva K.D.
Weather conditions influence on the formation dynamics of the reproductive organs of pea cultivars with various type of bean has been studied. The genotypic features of flowering, fruit and seed formation productivity have been revealed. A high productivity of the seed formation of cultivar «Kaban» with undisclosed beans and equable load distribution of seed weight on productive nodes has been detected. In adverse conditions at «Tan» and «Venets» cultivars the seed weight was formed on two productive nodes. The load of the lower node increased, which share reached 70.8 and 73.8%. «Kaban» cultivar characterized by more synchronous development of productivity on a plant. Almost a half of the seeds weight fell on lower productive node regardless of the year conditions.
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THE AGROBIOLOGICAL EFFICIENCY OF ARUGULA CULTIVATION IN PROTECTED SOIL
стр.29-33
Berbekov K.Z., Ezaov A.K.
Agrobiological features of arugula cultivars Spartacus, Victoria, Poker and Pasyans have been studied. The dynamics of passing the phenophase of plant, the features of growth, development and productivity of the studied varieties of arugula at the different stages of growth have been defined. The best sowing time of arugula, when grown under protected ground, have been defined. In dependence on the period of cultivation, the optimal schemes and nutrition areas have been revealed. Found that the maximum yield of greens provided by thickened planting scheme /60+(20*5)/*10 cm at cultivation the Pasyans cultivar of arugula in early February - 1.68 kg/m².
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GROWTH OF SEEDLINGS ROOT SYSTEM OF FRUIT CROPS AND DECORATIVE CROPS DEPENDING ON THE CONDITIONS OF A MINERAL NUTRITION AND DEPTH OF SOIL TREATMENT
стр.34-37
Gurin A.G., Sycheva I.I., Rezvyakova S.V.
The root system plays an important role in the life of plants. Growth and development of seedlings can fluctuate significantly under the influence of growth conditions. The purpose of the study - to determine the optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and depth of soil treatment in completion of growing seedlings of fruit and decorative breeds. Found that mineral fertilizers in high doses enhanced the root growth of seedlings of fruit and decorative breeds. The best root system growth of fruit crops seedlings occurred in variants with applying mineral fertilizers in a dose N 198P 180K 198 for pear seedlings and N 264P 240K 264 for seedlings of apple, cherry and plum with a depth of soil treatment 40 cm. Maximum length of the seedlings roots of decorative crops was identified in the variant with application the dose of N 132P 120K 132. Depth of soil treatment did not affect the growth of roots.
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INFLUENCE OF BIOLOGICAL TECHNIQUES FOR RESTORING SOIL FERTILITY AND METHODS OF SOIL TREATMENT ON THE FERTILITY OF TYPICAL CHERNOZEM AND YIELD OF WINTER WHEAT
стр.38-41
Dedov A.V., Boluchevsky D.A.
Influence of various methods of soil treatment and biological techniques for restoring soil fertility on the fertility of typical chernozem and yield of winter wheat in the conditions of forest-steppe the Central Black Earth region has been studied. Research was conducted in the repeated stationary experiment of the Agriculture Department of Voronezh State Agrarian University n.a. Emperor Peter the Great. Object of research - typical chernozem and cultures of a crop rotation. This article discusses the following indicators: soil hardness, which was defined by using the Revyakin's hardness tester up to 25 cm in three terms - sowing, earing, harvesting; aggregate composition of soil by Tyulin-Savvin's method before sowing and harvesting; yield of winter wheat at various soil treatment methods. Studies have shown the advantage of green-manure fallow with sweet clover and binary sowing of winter wheat with blue alfalfa. During the years of researches, hardness of the soil was less (within the optimum) at variants using biological techniques; the number of structural aggregates in the binary sowings was greater by 25 - 38% compared with the control. The use of various methods of soil treatment and biological techniques for restoring soil fertility allowed to harvest from 35.8 to 54.9 t/ha of winter wheat in 2011 - 2013. Thus, sowing winter wheat at green-manure fallow with sweet-clover and alfalfa contributed to sustain and improve the fertility of typical chernozem and creating conditions for obtaining high grain yield.
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THE INFLUENCE OF THE WASTE WATER SEDIMENTS ON SOILS' AGROCHEMICAL INDICATORS
стр.42-44
Basov Y.V., Kozyavina K.N.
The chemical composition of waste water sediments depending on arriving on treatment facilities industrial and municipal drains, and also definition methods varies rather widely. Waste water sediments are characterized by a wide set of macro - and microelements, including heavy metals. Waste water sediments contain 1,0-1,34% of the general nitrogen, 0,21-0,23% of the general phosphorus, 0,32-0,36% of the general potassium at рН - 4,8-5,0. The purpose of work was to establish influence of shorts production in the form of waste water sediments on environment and agro ecological indicators of the soil. The stocks of nutrients in the soil, their distribution on a profile, spatiotemporal variation in the soil and availability to plants were considered in the course of undertaken studies. Indicators: soil acidity, the adopted forms of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, microelements, environment reaction, the maintenance of the absorbed bases and humus. Thus, in the conditions of studied object the overlapping of fertile layer of waste water sediments leads to accumulation of nitrates in the top soil and, finally, in crop production. The decrease in the maintenance of a humus for 31,1%, mobile forms of phosphorus for 14,3% potassium for 26,1% is revealed and soil acidity increases by 2,9% in comparison with control in the area of overlapping of a fertile layer of the waste waters sediments. The waste waters sediments storage on a studied area led to sharp accumulation in the soil of nitrates, with maximum concentration limit excess to 218,0%, at an average value for 244,5%.
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MONITORING COASTAL DYNAMICS USING LANDSAT MULTI-TEMPORAL IMAGES
стр.46-54
Hung Trinh Le, Tuyen Vu Danh
Coastal dynamic is one of the most urgent and complex problem in monitoring environmental resources. Traditional methods based on field surveys only solve the problem on a small scale. Some methods of determining coastal dynamic using band color composite have the advantage to perform. However, this technique also has the drawback that is time consuming and needs a lot of editing. In this article, we analyze an automated method of coastline change detection using LANDSAT multi-temporal images. The results which are obtained in this study can be used to create the coastal dynamic map.
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DIRECTIONS OF DEVELOPMENT OF THE RUSSIAN MARKET OF FODDER HARVESTING MACHINERY
стр.55-60
Poluhin A.A., Lisyutchenko N.N.
Article represents the problems of forming fodder machinery fleet of the agricultural organizations of Russian Federation. Structural analysis of acquisition and use of fodder machinery fleet by agricultural enterprises has been conducted. Competitive advantages of domestic and imported equipment on the Russian market of forage equipment have been substantiated. The directions of technical modernization of fodder production under the State program of agriculture development and regulation of the markets of agricultural products, raw materials and food for 2013-2020, taking into account the limitations of the WTO, have been suggested.
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INVESTIGATION OF ULTRASOUND WAVES ON PRETREATMENT OF OSMOTIC DEHYDRATION OF CARROT SLICES
стр.61-64
Tahmasebi Soheila, Mirzaee Somaye, Kaviyani Mehdi, Tabrizi Mahsa, Shariati Mohammad Ali
In this study, carrot slices were put in glucose osmotic 50% at 1, 2 and 3 hr. Ultrasound waves, frequency 40 kH power 30 w/l, passed through container of osmotic solution and carrot slices. The results revealed that significant increasing of dry matter of sample by using ultrasound waves.pre osmotic time had a significant on dry material by increasing from 1to 3 hr .sample treated by ultrasound waves lost water faster and their final dry solid was significantly more than control (without ultrasound treatment).
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MANAGEMENT OF TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION PROCESSES IN AN ORGANIZATION ON THE BASIS OF COST APPROACH
стр.65-70
The process of innovation management within the intensive economic development includes a number in a sequence of scientific, technological, industrial, institutional and commercial work, leading to an increase in its profits by increasing the productivity of labor and equipment, reducing production costs and improving product quality. In turn, technological innovation is an innovation in technology, improvements in technology, the use of fundamentally new technologies in the production of manufactured product, the development of new technological regulations, new types of manufacturing equipment and tooling. Cost management of the innovation process at the enterprise assumes all functions inherent in managing any object: development (making) decisions, implementation decisions, monitoring their implementation.
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THE FACTORS AND TRENDS OF REPRODUCING FIXED CAPITAL OF AGRO-INDUSTRIAL SECTOR IN OREL REGION
стр.71-76
Reproducing fixed capital of agro-industrial sector is an objective economic phenomenon caused by the necessity reimbursement of its constituent elements that involved in the production of agricultural products. This process is closely connected with the work efficiency and economic opportunities of the enterprise in the financial and resource provision, because it is not only a consequence but also the most important reason of this efficiency. The Orel Region has significant competitive advantages in the agro-industrial sector: a favorable geographical position, advanced transport infrastructure. Agriculture occupies a significant part in the economic sector of the region, which in turn predetermines the necessity of study the problem of updating and modernization of fixed capital. The article reflects the indicators of agricultural activity of the Orel Region, the assessment of the park renewal of the main types of agricultural machinery is given, factors and risks affecting the process of reproducing the fixed capital in the industry are identified and its control methods are shown, the main directions of the long-term regional target program named «Development of agriculture and regulation of agricultural markets, raw materials and foodstuffs in the Orel Region for 2013-2020» in terms of trends in the technical and technological modernization and innovative development of industries are also reflected.
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