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Plant Cell Protolytic Enzymes Activity under Exposure to Lectins of Endophytic and Epiphytic Azospirillum Strains
стр.5-10
S.A. Alen’kina, V.E. Nikitina
We studied the ability of lectins isolated from the surface of the two strains of nitrogen-fixing soil bacteria of the genus Azospirillum, A. brasilense Sp7 (epiphytic) and A. brasilense Sp245 (endophytic), to show have a regulating effect on the activity of pectinolytic enzymes in the roots of wheat seedlings. Research results showed that the lectins under study can cause the induction of the activity of polygalacturonase, pectinesterase, pectatlyase from the plant cell wall, thereby ensuring the bacteria penetration in the plant tissues, as well as the induction of plants responses which, being combined with growth-stimulating effect of bacteria, contributes to the formation of plants stability and productivity.
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Bactericidal Influence of Silver Nanocomposites on Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus
стр.11-16
Perfileva А.I., Zhivet’yev М.А., Gasisova A.V., Borovskii G.B., Graskova I.А., Sukhov B.G., Trofimov B.А.
The results of studying the effect of silver nanocomposites received by chemical synthesis on the bacterium Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. sepedonicus (Cms) are presented. Cms is a Gram-positive bacterium, which causes one of the most dangerous potato diseases, ring rot. The effective alongside ecologically safe methods for combating Cms are lacking. As the agent, possible for application for this purpose, we investigated silver nanocomposites. For definition of nanocomposites influence on Cms we applied seedings to calculation the colony-forming units, after an incubation of bacteria with a nanocomposite in the distilled water (the grown poor environment) and on a nutrient medium. Influence of silver nanocomposites on cellular respiration which was estimated on oxygen absorption speed is also investigated. Thus, the obtained results demonstrate the occurrence of bactericidal effects of the substances under study, and favor the supposition on advisability of further research into the silver nanocomposites as the agents for agricultural recovery from the bacterial pathogens.
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Prediction of Disadaptation Disorders in Terms of the Immune Status
стр.17-26
Blinov V.V., Bogomolov A.V., Dlusskaya I.G.
The aim of the study is to enable rapid development of forecasting human disadaptation disorders caused by stress factors change living conditions. The developed method allows for the values of salivary immunoglobulin A, ceruloplasmin and proportion of lymphocytes in the blood leukocyte formula to recognize nosological class of diseases which are based on the failure of adaptation processes. Application of the method allows early adaptation period to identify individuals with poor adaptive skills and to predict the likely nosological form disadaptation disorders, which are essential for effective preventive measures.
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Response of Some Malus Мill. Species Representatives to Extreme Low Temperatures in Baikal Siberia
стр.27-31
Yu.M. Batuyeva, M.V. Bakhanova, M.A. Rachenko
The paper presents the results of study of maximal frost resistance of apple-tree varieties of Novosibirsk, Krasnoyarsk, Buryat, Canadian selection by the method of artificial freezing. The research found virtually all apple-tree varieties to withstand the temperature as low as -45оС without serious damage to bark, cambium and wood; with only Melba variety exhibiting significant bark damage. Apple-tree varieties of Buryat ACRI selection, regardless of cultivation location, demonstrated high tissue resistance to critical low negative temperatures. The investigated forms of Malus baccata L. Borkh, are characterized by high frost resistance in the middle of winter regardless of their location. Critical temperatures of -50о and -55оС proved lethal for Lada, Krasnaya Grozd’ varieties, as well as for Melba variety of Canadian selection.
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Pecularities of Cytokinin Accumulation and Distribution in Triticum aestivum L. Seedlings Under Temperature Stresses
стр.32-38
Pecularities of Cytokinin Accumulation and Distribution in Triticum aestivum L. Seedlings Under Temperature Stresses
The objective of this research was to investigate the effect of short-term heat (2 h., +400C) and cold (2 h., +20C) stresses on accumulation and distribution of cytokinin (CK) in 7 and 14-day-old seedlings of the frost resistant Triticum aestivum L. cultivar Volodarka. A high performance liquid chromatography method has been used to provide a qualitative and quantitative analysis of hormones in leaves and roots. It was shown that in the early stages of growth (7 days) after exposure to high temperature the total content of cytokinin in roots increased 1,6 and in leaves in 2,55 times. The most pronounced changes were registered for trans-zeatin (t-Z) and izopenteniladenozin (iPa) in roots and for zeatinriboside (ZR), izopenteniladenin (iP) and iPa in leaves. After cold stress the total content of hormone in roots increased but decreased in leaves. ZR and iPa were not identified in the leaves. The total level of CK in 14-day-old seedlings as compared to 7-day-old ones under control conditions decreased from 685,3 to 158,3 in roots and from 396,8 to 368,4 ng / g fresh weight in leaves. After cold stress the total content of CK in the roots decreased to 99,9 and in the leaves – to 195,8 ng/g of wet weight. Trans-zeatin was actively accumulated in leaves, ZR - in the roots. After heat stress the total content of CK in roots increased to 316,3, whereas in leaves decreased to 184,6 ng / g fresh weight. Roots actively accumulated cis-zeatin (c-Z) and iPA, leaves – iP and iPa. Changes in the accumulation and distribution of CK depended both on the organs and the age of seedlings, and the type of stress and correlated with frost resistance of the cultivar Volodarka.
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The Physiological and Biochemical Mechanisms Providing the Increased Constitutive Cold Resistance in the Potato Plants, Expressing the Yeast SUC2 Gene Encoding Apoplastic Invertase
стр.39-52
A.N. Deryabin, Т.I. Trunova
The expression of heterologous genes in plants is an effective method to improve our understanding of plant resistance mechanisms. The purpose of this work was to investigate the involvement of cell-wall invertase and apoplastic sugars into constitutive cold resistance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L., cv. Dйsirйe) plants, which expressed the yeast SUC2 gene encoding apoplastic invertase. WT-plants of a potato served as the control. The increase in the essential cell-wall invertase activity in the leaves of transformed plants indicates significant changes in the cellular carbohydrate metabolism and regulatory function of this enzyme. The activity of yeast invertase changed the composition of intracellular sugars in the leaves of the transformed potato plant. The total content of sugars (sucrose, glucose, fructose) in the leaves and apoplast was higher in the transformants, in comparison by WT-plants. Our data indicate higher constitutive resistance of transformants to severe hypothermia conditions compared to WT-plants. This fact allows us to consider cell-wall invertase as a enzyme of carbohydrate metabolism playing an important regulatory role in the metabolic signaling upon forming increased plant resistance to low temperature. Thus, the potato line with the integrated SUC2 gene is a convenient tool to study the role of the apoplastic invertase and the products of its activity during growth, development and formation constitutive resistance to hypothermia.
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The Influence of Gasotransmitters on Membrane Permeability and Activity of Tonoplast H+-ATPase Under Oxidative Stress
стр.53-61
E.V. Spiridonova, N.V. Ozolina, I.S. Nesterkina, V.N. Nurminsky
The investigation of the influence of gasotransmitters – a new class of signaling molecules – on the root tissues of red beet (Beta vulgaris L.) was conducted. It was found, that hydrogen sulfide (H2S) had some stabilizing effect on cellular membranes, reducing their permeability detected with the aid of conductometric technique. The reliable influence of carbon monoxide (CO) and nitrogen oxide (NO) in our experiments was not observed. A significant increase in efflux of electrolytes from beet tissue under oxidative stress was observed. The addition of gasotransmitters failed to reduce it reliably. Under normal conditions, no appreciable effect of gasotransmitters on tonoplast H+-ATPase transport activity was found. Under oxidative stress, NO and H2S increased the H+-ATPase activity, reduced significantly by the impact of hydrogen peroxide, but did not recover it completely. CO enhanced the negative impact of oxidative stress, and reduced H+-ATPase transport activity. The results obtained suggest a possible conclusion that the gaseous signaling molecules take part in the regulation of transport processes in plant cell through the control of H+-ATPase activity under oxidative stress.
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Lead (Pb) heavy metal impacts in the green Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyceae) marine algae
стр.62-71
Toxicity of different lead (Pb) (0, 2, 4 and 8 mg/L) concentrations in the green Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) marine algae at physiological level has been investigated 48 h after Pb treatment under laboratory conditions. Thalus algae damages followed Pb treatment as revealed by microscopy test showed that the 4 and 8 mg/L Pb caused morphological changes in cells viability; whereas, no effect observed at the lowest Pb applied concentration (2 mg/L). Data revealed that Pb stress caused reduction in most investigated physiological parameters i.e. Pigments content, osmotic potential and membrane stability index values. This decline in osmotic potential was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) different. Whereas, estimated electric conductivity (EC) values increased significantly (p ≤ 0.001) as applied Pb concentration increased. The current study allowed somewhat to highlight and better understanding Pb impacts in U. lactuca algae. Thereby, the studied algae could be used as a useful bioindicator in Pb polluted ecosystems.
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Tebuconazole Regulates Fatty Acid Composition of Etiolated Winter Wheat Seedlings
стр.72-79
A.V. Korsukova, T.G. Gornostai, O.I. Grabelnych, N.V. Dorofeev, T.P. Pobezhimova, N.A. Sokolova, L.V. Dudareva, V.K. Voinikov
The fatty acid composition of shoots of unhardened and hardened to cold etiolated winter wheat seedlings grown from seeds treated with tebuconazole-based protectant «Bunker» (content of tebuconazole 60 grams per liter, g/L), and the seedlings frost resistance has been studied. It is shown that treatment of winter wheat seeds by «Bunker» preparation (1,5 microliter per gram of seeds, µl/g) is accompanied by an increase of the fatty acids unsaturation in the shoots and increase of the seedlings frost resistance (–8°C, 24 h). The most pronounced decrease in the content of saturated palmitic acid and increase in the content of unsaturated α-linolenic acid were observed during cold hardening of winter wheat seedlings grown from seeds treated by tebuconazole-based protectant. It is concluded that the seeds treatment with tebuconazole-based protectant causes changes of fatty acid composition of winter wheat seedlings to increase their frost resistance.
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