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Evaluation of Inter-Specific Hybrid of P. atlantica and P. vera L. cv. ‘Badami - Riz-e-Zarand’ as Pistachio rootstock to Salinity Stress According to Some Growth Indices and Eco-physiological and Biochemical Parameters
стр.5-17
Karimi Hamid Reza, Maleki-Kuhbanani, Roosta H.R.
In order to evaluate the inter-specific hybrid of P. atlantica Desf. and P. vera L. cv. ‘Badami- Riz-e- Zarand’ to salinity stress, a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized design with 0, 60 and 120 mM of salinity levels of sodium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium chloride (3:2:1) with four replications on ‘Qazvini’, ‘Badami-Riz-e-Zarand’ and inter-specific of P. atlantica × P. vera cv. ‘Badami-Rize-Zarand’ rootstocks of pistachio. The results showed that salinity has increased proline content of leaves. Chlorophyll index, relative water content of leaf, leaf area, shoot and root fresh and dry weight, stem diameter and number of leaves were decreased by increasing salinity. Rootstocks responded differently to salinity, so that the most reduction in chlorophyll index, leaf area and leaf number were observed in ‘Badami-Riz-e-Zarand’ rootstock and the least reduction was observed in the hybrid.
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Study of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) to salinity
стр.18-27
Kahouli Basma, Borgi Zied, Hannachi Cherif
The present work has focused on the assessment of the tolerance of ten accessions of carrot (L 1, L 2, L 3, F 4, E 5, R 7, R 8, L 10, G 11 and S 12) to salt stress, grown in the region of Sidi Bouzid. The tests were carried out under plastic greenhouse (during 5 months). The results obtained show that the salt stress reduced the parameters of growth and production. However, a difference in the response to salt stress was recorded between the accessions studied. A reduction in yield of up to 70 % with the concentration 3 g / l of NaCl, for different accessions studied is recorded. However, the accession L 1 who has given the longer roots and dry matter yield and the largest root shows the most tolerant accessions unlike L 10, G 11 and S 12 which are the most sensitive.
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Effect of sodium chloride on the germination of the seeds of a collection of carrot accessions ( Daucus carota L.) cultivated in the region of Sidi Bouzid
стр.28-36
Kahouli Basma, Borgi Zied, Hannachi Cherif
Seeds of ten accessions of carrot ( Daucus carota L.) collected from seven areas in the region of Sidi Bouzid, Lessouda (three accessions: L 1, L 2 and L 3) Faid (one accession: F 4), El Ogla (one accession: E 5), Regueb (two accessions: R 7 and R 8), Lahweze (one accession: L 10) Garet Hdid (one accession: G 11) and Souk Jedid (one accession: S 12) were germinated at 20° C in the dark and in the presence of NaCl (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 and 16 g/l) during 14 days. The results obtained showed that germination is possible until the highest concentration of salt (16 g/l) but germination and speed of germination decrease according to the concentration, so the accession L 3 was the most tolerant and accessions L 1, L 2 and S 12 was the most sensitive.
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Induction of Oxidative Stress by Hydrogen Peroxide Treatment in Rice Genotypes to Study the Osmolyte Accumulation Pattern and Antioxidant Capacity
стр.37-46
Vijayalakshmi D., Srividhya S., Muthulakshmi S., Satishraj R.
The aim of the study was to compare the rice genotypes for oxidative stress tolerance. Induction of oxidative stress, by in vivo treatment with hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2) in rice genotypes to study the osmolyte accumulation pattern and antioxidant capacity was investigated. Leaf strips of uniform size from rice genotypes FL 478, IR 29,Co 43 and FR13A were subjected to various concentrations of H 2O 2 (0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15 and 0.2 mM). All the four rice genotypes exhibited varied responses to proline accumulation. FL 478 and Co 43 exhibited an increase in the accumulation of proline contents initially with low concentrations of H 2O 2 , and thereafter showed a sharp decline in proline contents with higher concentrations. Degradation of protein contents in rice leaves was observed in all the varieties and the protein contents decreased with increase in concentration of hydrogen peroxide treatment. A gradual increase in the activities of catalase and peroxidase were recorded under H 2O 2 treatments. Significant upregulation of antioxidant enzyme systems and slow degradation of protein contents in the tolerant genotypes (FR 13A and FL 478) play important roles in stress protection.
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Impacts of Different Water Pollution Sources on Antioxidant Defense Ability in Three Aquatic Macrophytes in Assiut Province, Egypt
стр.47-61
Gadallah Mohamed A.A., Sayed Suzan A.
The present study was undertaken to evaluate the impacts of surface water pollution with wastes coming from sewage effluents (Site 2), agricultural runoff (Site 4) and oils and detergents factory (Site 3) on the stability of leaf membrane (measured as injury %), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), ascorbic acid (Asc A), lipid peroxidation, chlorophyll (Chl) content, soluble sugars (SS), soluble proteins (SP) and total free amino acids (TAA) of Cyperus alopeucroides, Persicaria salicifolia and Echinochloa stagnina . Concentration of H 2O 2, MDA and TAA were higher in the three plants collected from polluted sites as compared with those of plants grown in control Nile site (Site1). The opposite was true for Asc A, SS and SP where their concentrations reduced significantly in response to water pollution. Leaf membrane was more damaged (high injury %) in plants exposed to wastes from different sources than in plants growing at control site. The results of this study indicated that water pollution reduced the oxidative defense abilities in the three plants through reduction of Asc A activities, enhancement of H 2O 2 production and increasing MDA accumulation. In addition it impaired the metabolic activity through lowering the SS and SP contents and enhancement of TAA accumulation and increase membrane injury. The over production of hydrogen peroxide by the studied aquatic plants under water pollution could be used as an oxygen source needed to oxidize the more resistant organic and inorganic pollutants and used for pollution control and municipal and industrial wastewater treatment.
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Role of Ascorbic Acid on Germination Indexes and Enzyme Activity of Vicia faba Seeds Grown under Salinity Stress
стр.62-77
Mohsen Awatif A., Ebrahim Mohsen K. H., Ghoraba Wael F. S.
The present work aimed to investigate changes in growth and some metabolic activities in NaCl-stressed bean seedlings, and assessing the role of ascorbic acid to alleviate these changes. The germination was carried out to study the response of presoaked faba bean seeds ( Vicia faba cv. Misr 2) in freshly prepared ascorbic acid (50 ppm ≈ 0.3 mM; as recommended dose as described by El-Tayeb, 1995) or distilled water (control) for 4 hrs at natural environmental conditions, to salinity stress during germination period. The radicle and plumule lengths were inhibited at high dose of NaCl but, ascorbic acid application to salt-treated seeds seemed to increase radicle and plumule elongation. The radicle and plumule fresh and dry weights were gradually decreased with increasing NaCl concentrations but, a noticeable increase of radicle and plumule fresh and dry weights were reached in seedlings treated with ascorbic acid. The pigment biosynthesis was substantially affected by salt treatment. Addition of ascorbic acid to stressed seedlings more or less furthered the inhibitory effects of salinity. Salinity enhanced the accumulation of reducing sugars in both radicle and plumule of Vicia faba seedlings as compared with control . Ascorbic acid treatment furthered the stimulatory effects of NaCl. Salinity gradually lowered the protein content of plumules. Ascorbic acid treatments raised the accumulation of protein contents in radicle to a great extent compared to those subjected only to NaCl. Plumule alkaloid content was lowered by low and moderate levels of NaCl. Coupling ascorbic acid to salt treated seeds induced a highly significant increase in alkaloid content of plumules compared to its corresponding controls. Sodium chloride treatments to Vicia faba seeds for two days caused a drastic suppression of α- and β-amylase activities. Ascorbic acid application to non-salinized seeds seemed without effects whereas, the salt-treated seeds showed more or less furthered the same effect of salinity. From the previous results we can observed that ascorbic acid achieved a better results during germination indexes.
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Peroxidase Activity and Isoforms in the Leaves of Apple Tree Varieties Differing in Scab Resistance
стр.78-83
Rachenko M.A., Rachenko E.I., Romanova I.M., Zhivet’yev M.A., Graskova I.A.
27 species and varieties were tested for resistance to leaf scab. Changes in the activity of peroxidase enzyme and the set of enzyme isoforms in leaves of apple tree differing in resistance to this pathogen.
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Effect of priming on growth, biochemical parameters and mineral composition of different cultivars of coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) under salt stress
стр.84-109
Ben Fredj Meriem, Zhani Kaouther, Hannachi Cherif, Mehwachi Tijani, Belanger André
At Higher Institute of Agriculture of Chott Mariem, Sousse, Tunisia, this study was conducted to evaluate the interactive effect of salinity and seed priming on coriander. The experiment was carried out in completely randomized design with three replications consisting of four coriander genotypes (Tunisian cv, Algerian cv, Syrian cv and Egyptian cv) at two seed conditions (seed priming with 4 g/l NaCl for 12h or no seed priming). Results revealed that seed priming and salinity had significantly (p≤0.05) affected all the parameters under study. On the first hand, salinity stress had adversely affected growth, chlorophyll content, mineral composition (K + and Ca 2+) of coriander in all genotypes. Also, it activated Na + accumulation and synthesis of proline, soluble sugars and proteins. However, seed priming with NaCl had diminished the negative impact of salt stress in all cultivars and primed plants showed better response to salinity compared to unprimed plants. Maximum values were recorded in tolerant cultivar which is Tunisian one whereas minimum values were noted in sensitive cultivar (Algerian cv).
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24-Epibrassinolide Mediated Changes in Photosynthetic pigments and Antioxidative Defence System of Radish Seedlings under Cadmium and Mercury Stress
стр.110-121
Kapoor Dhriti, Rattan Amandeep, Gautam Vandana, Kapoor Nitika, Bhardwaj Renu
The present work was conducted to study the effects of 24-EBL on photosynthetic pigments (total chlorophyll, chl a, chl b, carotenoid, anthocyanin and flavonoid content) and activities of antioxidative enzymes (guaiacol peroxidase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, ascorbate peroxidase, glutathione reductase, dehydroascorbate reductase, mono-dehydroascorbate reductase, polyphenol oxidase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione-S- transferase and protein content) in 7-day old seedlings of Raphanus sativus exposed to cadmium and mercury toxicity. Findings of present study were revealed that brassinolide was proved beneficial for amelioration of Cd and Hg stress by altering various metabolic processes of plant.
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Gas Exchange Characteristics in Tectona grandis L. Clones under Varying Concentrations of CO 2 Levels
стр.122-133
The Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding, Coimbatore, India functioning under the Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education, Dehara Dun, has a long term systematic tree improvement program for Tectona grandis aimed to enhancing productivity and screening of clones for site specific. In the process, twenty clones of T. grandis L. were studied for the physiological parameters and water use efficiency with reference to the elevated CO 2 levels. CO 2 enrichment studies in special chambers help in understanding the changes at individual level, and also at physiological, biochemical and genetic level. It also provides valuable information for establishing plantations at different geographic locations. Considerable variations were observed when the selected 20 clones of T. grandis were subjected to physiological studies under elevated CO 2 conditions (600 and 900 mol mol -1). Eight clones exhibited superior growth coupled with favorable physiological characteristics including high photosynthetic rate, carboxylation and water use efficiency under elevated CO 2 levels. Clones with minimal variation in physiological characteristics under elevated levels of CO 2 suggest their ability to overcome physiological stresses and adapt to varying climatic conditions.
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Application of AM Fungi with Bradyrhizobium japonicum in improving growth, nutrient uptake and yield of Vigna radiata L. under saline soil
стр.134-152
Kadian Nisha, Yadav Kuldeep, Aggarwal Ashok
A pot experiment was conducted under polyhouse conditions, to evaluate the effect of two different arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ( G. mosseae and A. laevis ) in combination with Bradyrhizobium japonicum on growth and nutrition of mungbean plant grown under different salt stress levels (4 dS m −1, 8dS m −1 and 12 dS m −1). It was found that under saline conditions, mycorrhizal fungi protect the host plant against the detrimental effect of salinity. The AM inoculated plants showed positive effects on plant growth, dry biomass production, chlorophyll content, mineral uptake, electrolyte leakage, proline, protein content and yield of mungbean plants in comparison to non-mycorrhizal ones but the extent of response varied with the increasing level of salinity. In general, the reduction in Na uptake along with associated increase in P, N, K, electrolyte leakage and high proline content were also found to be better in inoculated ones. The overall results demonstrate that the co-inoculation of microbes with AM fungi promotes salinity tolerance by enhancing nutrient acquisition especially phosphorus (P), producing plant growth hormones, improving rhizospheric and condition of soil by altering the physiological and biochemical properties of the mungbean plant.
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Alleviation of Boron Stress through Plant Derived Smoke Extracts in Sorghum bicolor
стр.153-165
Khan Pirzada, ur Rehman Shafiq, Jamil Muhammad, Irfan Shahid, Waheed M.A., Aslam Muhammad Mudassar, Kanwal Memoona, Shakir Shakirullah Khan
Boron is an essential micronutrient necessary for plant growth at optimum concentration. However, at high concentrations boron affects plant growth and is toxic to cells. Aqueous extract of plant-derived smoke has been used as a growth regulator for the last two decades to improve seed germination and seedling vigor. It has been established that plant-derived smoke possesses some compounds that act like plant growth hormones. The present research was the first comprehensive attempt to investigate the alleviation of boron stress with plant-derived smoke aqueous extract on Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor ) seed. Smoke extracts of five plants, i.e. Cymbopogon jwarancusa , Eucalyptus camaldulensis , Peganum harmala , Datura alba and Melia azedarach each with six dilutions (Concentrated, 1:100, 1:200, 1:300, 1:400 and 1:500) were used. While boron solutions at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 ppm were used for stress. Among the dilutions of smoke, 1:500 of E. camaldulensis significantly increased germination percentage, root and shoot length, number of secondary roots and fresh weight of root and shoot while, boron stress reduced growth of Sorghum. It was observed that combined effect of boron solution and E. camaldulensis smoke extract overcome inhibition and significantly improved plant growth. Present research work investigated that the smoke solution has the potential to alleviate boron toxicity by reducing the uptake of boron by maintaining integrity of plant cell wall. The present investigation suggested that plant derived smoke has the potential to alleviate boron stress and can be used to overcome yield losses caused by boron stress to plants.
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Effect of Ethanol on Germination and Enzyme Activities in Finger millet ( Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) Seeds
стр.166-175
Kulkarni S. S., Chavan P. D.
Influence of ethanol the end product of alcoholic fermentation on the growth of finger millet (var. GPU-28, CO-9) seedlings of two finger millet was studied as a means of evaluating growth responses under anoxia. The germination was delayed by ethanol treatment in case of both the cultivars. Ethanol treatment affected the growth of both radicle and coleoptile of seedlings. In this respect the radicle growth is more sensitive to ethanol than the coleoptile in both varieties of finger millet. The activities of enzymes nitrate reductase, ATPase, acid phosphatase, amylase were reduced by alcohol treatment in germinating seeds of both the cultivars. However, lower concentration of alcohol (1%) caused stimulation of peroxidase in var. CO-9. In case of var. GPU-28 showed stimulation of enzyme alkaline phosphatase in both concentration of alcohol.
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Free Radical Scavenging Activity and HPLC Analysis of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don Leaf Extract
стр.176-185
Gautam Vandana, Arora Saroj, Kapoor Dhriti, Bhardwaj Renu
Background: Several diseases are caused in the body due to oxidative stress of free radicals. The objectives of the present study were to investigate the antioxidant activity of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don (Araucariaceae) leaf extract. The dried leaves of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don (Araucariaceae) were extracted with 80% methanol. The antioxidant activity of the extract was predicted through in vitro model systems such as 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH), reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assays. The total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content of the extract were also estimated in order to draw the correlation with their bioactivities. The extract was also investigated for several polyphenolic compounds using High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Results: The antioxidant activity of extract was found to be excellent in all the three assays. A positive correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolic content was observed. HPLC analysis identified the presence of Gallic acid, Catechin, Chlorogenic acid, Epicatechin, Caffeic acid, Umbelliferone, Ellagic acid, Quercetin and Kaempferol in the methanol leaf extract of Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don. Conclusions: The results of the present study point towards the fact that Araucaria cunninghamii Aiton ex D. Don leaves possess good antioxidant potential. The strong antioxidant activity can be correlated with the polyphenolic compounds present in the leaves.
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28-Homobrassinolide Modulate Antenna Complexes and Carbon Skeleton of Brassica juncea L. under Temperature Stress
стр.186-196
Kaur Harpreet, Sirhindi Geetika, Bhardwaj Renu, Sharma Poonam, Mudasir Mir
The aim of present study was to explore the ameliorative impact of 28-homoBL on morpho-physiological attributes, photosynthetic pigments and sugars of Brassica juncea L. exposed to oxidative stress caused by extreme temperatures (4 and 44 °C). For this, experiments were carried out at the Plant Physiology Laboratory, Department of Botany, Punjabi University, Patiala. Effect of different degrees of temperature (4 and 44 °C) taking 24 °C as control was studied. 28-homoBL (10 -6, 10 -9 and 10 -12M) primed and unprimed seeds of B. Juncea L. in terms of antenna complexes and end products of photosynthesis that is total carbohydrates and total soluble sugars was investigated. All concentrations of 28-homoBL used in present study showed different effects on morphology and light quenching pigments. All concentrations of 28-homoBL showed promoting effect on growth and light quenching pigments. The carbon makeup ameliorated positively in stressed and non-stressed components of photosynthetic machinery and 10 -9 M 28-homoBL showed best results. In conclusion 28-homoBL showed great potential in protecting the reaction centre of photosynthetic machinery from oxidative stress caused by extreme low and high temperatures but in very dose dependent manner and thus modulate the carbon skeleton of the plant.
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Nature Relation Between Climatic Variables and Cotton Production
стр.197-217
This study investigated the effect of climatic variables on flower and boll production and retention in cotton ( Gossypium barbadense ). Also, this study investigated the relationship between climatic factors and production of flowers and bolls obtained during the development periods of the flowering and boll stage, and to determine the most representative period corresponding to the overall crop pattern. Evaporation, sunshine duration, relative humidity, surface soil temperature at 1800 h, and maximum air temperature, are the important climatic factors that significantly affect flower and boll production. The least important variables were found to be surface soil temperature at 0600 h and minimum temperature. There was a negative correlation between flower and boll production and either evaporation or sunshine duration, while that correlation with minimum relative humidity was positive. Higher minimum relative humidity, short period of sunshine duration, and low temperatures enhanced flower and boll formation.
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Determination of Median Lethal Concentrations (LC 50) of Carbosulfan to Freshwater Fish Labeo rohita (Hamilton) and Its Behavioural Impacts
стр.218-231
Nagaraju B., Venkata Rathnamma V.
In the present study, Labeo rohita were exposed to carbosulfan for 96 h. Experimental fishes which measured an average length of 6±7 cm and weighed 6.5±7.5g. Nine groups with three replicates of experimental fish were exposed to seven concentrations of carbosulfan. The containers used for the test media of 15 L capacity, filled with dechlorinated water. Where maximum 10 fishes were used in our experiments for each concentration, 10 fishes were also maintained in separate container along with experimental groups, served as control. The median lethal concentrations (LC 50) of carbosulfan for 96 h were 1.2mg/l, respectively. In addition, to dose and dose-time dependent increase in mortality rate, the behavioral changes of L. rohita at different concentrations of carbosulfan were determined. Physiological responses like rapid opercular movement, hyper secretion of mucus and frequent gulping of air was observed during the initial stages of exposure after which it became occasional. The unusual behaviour of the fish L. rohita in stress condition may be due to obstructed functions of neurotransmitters. All these observations can be considered to monitor the quality of aquatic ecosystem and severity of pollution. In conclusion, carbosulfan was moderately toxic to freshwater fish L. rohita
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Interactive effects of rice residue and water stress on growth and metabolism of wheat seedlings
стр.232-245
Amist Nimisha, Singh Narsingh Bahadur, Yadav Kavita
In the present study effects of rice residue with and without water stress were studied on Triticum aestivum L. cv. Shatabadi. The mixture of residue and garden soil in 1:1 ratio was considered as 50% (R 1) and only decomposed residue as 100% (R 2). Garden soil was taken as control. Twenty five seeds were sown in each experimental trays filled with soil mixture according to the treatments. Trays were arranged in two groups. After 15 days one set was subjected to water stress (WS) by withholding water supply for 3 days. Morphological and biochemical parameters of 18 days old seedlings were recorded. Seedling height decreased in all treatments. A gradual decrease in relative water content, pigment and protein contents of wheat seedlings were observed. Sugar and proline contents increased in treatments. An increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) content and antioxidative enzyme activities was recorded. Elevation in catalase activity was observed in all treatments except in plants with water deficit. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased when residue mixed with soil but decreased in seedlings under the combined influence of the residue and water stress. Higher amount of MDA and lower activities of APX and GPX reflected the oxidative damage in seedlings under combined treatments. Rice residue inhibited growth of wheat seedlings. Water stress intensified the effects of residue.
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Physiological and biochemical responses of two maize cultivars (Corralejo and Tlaltizapon) under salt stress
стр.246-258
Amdouni T., Mrah S., Msilini N., Zaghdoud M., Ouerghiabidi Z., Lachaal M.
The aim of the present work was to study the effect of different concentrations of NaCl (0, 50 and 100mM) in two cultivars of maize (Corralejo and Tlaltizapan), on their nutritional and photosynthetic comportment. The measures focused on the physiological parameters (growth weight, hydration and nutritional status of plants) and biochemical (chlorophyll, PEPC activity, activity of some anti-oxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation). Analysis of morphological parameters showed a yellowing of the extremity of leaves, at 100 mM of NaCl. These visual symptoms are associated with a decrease of chlorophyll. A decrease in potential growth was found in two cultivars, but less significant in Corralejo. The best salt tolerance of the latter was due to a better hydration of the leaves, to a lesser accumulation of Na + and Cl - in its leaves and a better selectivity K/Na. To identify the biochemical characteristics associated with the physiological behavior, we conducted measures activity of PEPC, the protein, catalase and peroxidase on the fourth leaf from the bottom. A negative correlation between the activity of PEPC and Na+ amount was found at 50 mM in the sensitive cultivar and at 100 mM of NaCl in tolerant cultivar Corralejo. Furthermore, the antioxidant response was marked by a greater accumulation of malondialdehyde, in Tlaltizapan at 100 mM of NaCl. At the same concentration, catalase peroxidase and SOD activities weren't decreased in this cultivar. This suggests that salt has created a stress oxidative state only in Tlaltizapan leaves. These results showed a better performance of Corralejo cultivar compared to Tlaltizapan cultivar, at 50 and 100 mM of NaCl.
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Biochemical Response of Glycine max (L.) Merr. to Cobalt and Lead stress
стр.259-272
Imtiyaz Sofi, Agnihotri Rajneesh K., Ganie Showkat A., Sharma Rajendra
Background: Heavy metal pollution of soil has become a global concern, largely due to the fact that the heavy metals accumulated in plants may either directly or indirectly find their way into animals and human beings. Present study was carried out on the phytotoxicity of cobalt (Co) and lead (Pb) on biochemical constituents viz . chlorophyll a, b, carotenoids, proline, protein and carbohydrate content of three different varieties of Glycine max viz . SL-688, PS-1347, DS-9712 treated with 50, 100 and 150 µM concentrations. Results: The exposure of soybean varieties to Pb and Co resulted in the reduction of chlorophyll, carotenoids, carbohydrate and protein content and addition in proline content. Test plants were more sensitive to lead in comparison to cobalt. PS-1347 variety was found to be more susceptible to both the heavy metals. Maximum deleterious effect was observed at higher concentrations (100 & 150µM). However, an additional supply of nitrogen not only minimized the inhibitory effect of these two heavy metals but also decreased the proline content of plants. Conclusions: The findings of the present study indicate that effect of heavy metals with different treatments on biochemical content was significantly different at 0.05 level of probability. Soils contaminated by heavy metals probably lead to substantial losses in seed yield of soybean plant.
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Molecular Diversity of Antagonistic Streptomyces spp. against Botrytis allii, the agent of onion gray mold using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) Markers
стр.273-280
Jorjandi M., Baghizadeh A.
As an aim in sustainable agriculture, biological control of plant diseases has received intensive attention mainly as a response to public concern about the use of chemical fungicides in the environment. Soil Actinomycetes particularly Streptomyces spp. enhance soil fertility and have antagonistic activity against wide range of plant pathogens. To investigate for biocontrol means against the pathogen, 30 isolates of Actinomycetes have been isolated from agricultural soils of Kerman province of Iran and assayed for antagonistic activity against Botrytis allii , the agent of onion gray mold. RAPD DNA analysis has been used to determine the relatedness of active and non-active isolates based on their RAPD-PCR fingerprints. PCR amplifiable DNA samples have been isolated using the CTAB method and amplified fragments have been obtained from 5 random 10-mer primers. Different DNA fingerprinting patterns have been obtained for all of the isolates. Electrophoretic and cluster analysis of the amplification products has revealed incidence of polymorphism among the isolates. A total of 138 bands, ranging in size from 150-2800 bp, have been amplified from primers which 63.7% of the observed bands have been polymorphic. Genetic distances among different varieties have been analyzed with a UPGMA (Unweighted pair-group method, arithmetic average)-derived dendrogram. Resulting dendrogram has showed from 0.65 to 0.91 similarities among varieties and divided the isolates into five major groups. Isolates which haven’t had any antagonistic activity against B. allii have been separated into a group and other isolates classified into four groups. The results indicate that RAPD is an efficient method for discriminating and studying genetic diversity of Streptomyces isolates.
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Assessment of Platelet in Case of Stress-induced Apnea
стр.281-286
Mantskava M.M., Momtselidze N.G.
Sleep apnea is a independent pathology and a powerful stress for the organism. Apnea is a cause of stress and strengthens the body under stress. We studied 30 men aged 34 to 57 years: 22 patients with obstructive sleep apnea and 8 patients with central sleep apnea. We explored a drop of blood in HUMACOUNT, mod. HUMACOUNT (Firm Human GmbH, Germany), bought of grant budget RF/420/7-270/12. We investigated parameters of platelet: PLT, MPV, PDWс and PCT. The analysis of the data was performed using statistical programs “Origin 4.1’’ (Microsoft. Software, Inc) and Microsoft Excel, evaluated Student and criteria Pearson. Protocol of research was adequate Helsinki Declaration. Our results in patients with obstructive apnea: PLT=109x10 9±40x10 9l; MPV =7,7±3,0fl; PCT=0,08x10 -2±0,02x10 -2%; PDWС =33,4±3,6%; in patients with central apnea - PLT=142x10 9±50x10 9l; MPV=6,4±2,0fl; PCT=0,09x10 -2±0,03x10 -2%; PDWС=32,7±3,0; in control - PLT=250x10 9±40x10 9l; MPV=11,0±4,0fl; PCT=0,25x10 -2±0,05x10 -2%; PDWС=36,2±4,0%. Interrupted we analyzed the number of platelets and platelet indices for determining homeostasis in stress disease. Stress body reduces the number of platelets. But if apnea is a disease of the fourth rank stress, platelet factors fluctuate within normal limits. Our data have practical significance for biomedicine. We propose a new marker for apnea: platelet composes.
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Allelopathic effect of Solanum melongena L. on Vigna radiata L
стр.287-296
Singh Deepti, Singh Narsingh Bahadur, Yadav Kavita, Kumar Sanjay, Lal Bihari
The present study has been carried out to investigate the allelopathic effect of aqueous leaf leachate of Solanum melongena L. on Vigna radiata L. The effects of leachate on germination, radicle length, plumule length, protein content and cell division in root tip meristems of seedlings of Vigna were studied. The seeds of mungbean were soaked with leaf leachate of 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100% concentrations for 4h. Bioassay indicated that there was dose-dependent inhibition of germination and seedling growth. Protein content was found to be reduced by the leachate of different concentrations as compared with control. The study also revealed that antioxidative enzymes, viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase activities increased with the increase in concentration of aqueous leaf leachate. Mitotic activity in root-tip cells of mungbean was found to be reduced and the impact was dose-dependent. However, chromosomal abnormalities, viz. fragment, precocious separation, sticky chromosome, disturbed metaphase and bridge were found to be increased with increasing concentrations of leachate.
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