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The Main Event in Biology of XX Century
стр.5-14
In the article the 60-years history of molecular biology, the central discipline of modern biology: its achievements and problems
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Dehydration stress associated variations in rectal temperature, pulse and respiration rate of Marwari sheep
стр.15-20
Saini B.S., Kataria N., Kataria A.K., Sankhala L.N.
The present investigation was carried out in adult female Marwari sheep to evaluate the dehydration stress associated variations in rectal temperature, pulse and respiration rate. The whole experiment was divided into control, thirst and drinking periods. The thirst period was of 5 days to find out the dehydration stress. The control mean values of rectal temperature ( oF), pulse rate (min -1) and respiration rate (min -1) were 101.1 ± 0.198, 65.667 ± 2.028 and 25.167 ± 1.515 in the morning and 101.567 ± 0.174, 71.333 ± 1.229 and 27.833 ± 1.83 in the evening, respectively. With the advancement of thirst period the mean values of rectal temperature and pulse rate gradually increased while that of respiration rate increased first and then decreased. After drinking the mean values gradually decreased and on hour 72 of drinking, they differed non significantly (P>0.05) from their respective control values. Changes in rectal temperature, pulse rate and respiration rate indicated the adaptability of the animals to increased thirst periods. Dehydration due to thirst period provoked physiological mechanisms in the body in a manner that helped the animals to survive. Although dehydration was a stress to the animals, but the changes brought about by five days of dehydration were reversible.
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Does Exogenous Application of Kinetin and Spermine Mitigate the Effect of Seawater on Yield Attributes and Biochemical Aspects of Grains?
стр.21-34
Aldesuquy Heshmat S, Baka Zakaria A., Mickky Bardees M.
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of grain presoaking in kinetin (0.1 mM), spermine (0.3 mM) and their interaction on yield components and biochemical aspects of yielded grains of wheat plants irrigated with 25% seawater. Seawater induced marked reduction in biochemical aspects of yielded grains especially carbohydrates content, nitrogenous constituents, total protein and nucleic acids contents as well as proline and organic acids (citric and keto acids) contents. Conversely, seawater stress increased phosphorus and ions (Na +, K + and Cl -) contents. Application of kinetin or spermine appeared to mitigate the effect of seawater stress on wheat yield and the biochemical aspects of yielded grains. The effect was more pronounced with kinetin + spermine treatment.
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Effect of glycine betaine and salicylic acid on growth and productivity of droughted Wheat cultivars: Image analysis for measuring the anatomical features in flag leaf and peduncle of the main shoot
стр.35-63
Aldesuquy Heshmat S., Abo- Hamed Samy A., Abbas Mohmed A., Elhakem Abeer H.
The present study was planned to investigate the possible role displayed by water stress and application of GB, SA or their interaction on some anatomical features in flag leaf at anthesis (after 95 days from sowing) by measuring leaf thickness, ground tissue thickness, number of hairs, metaxylem vessel area, xylem vessel area, phloem tissue area, vascular bundle tissues area, number of motor cells as well as number of opened and closed stomata on both upper and lower epidermis and some anatomical features of peduncle (peduncle diameter, tracheids area, metaxylem vessel area, xylem area, phloem area, vascular area, number of vascular bundle as well as opened and closed stomata) of the two wheat cultivars. Water stress markedly affected the anatomical features in flag leaves of both wheat cultivars. It caused massive decreases (P< 0.05) in the leaf thickness, ground tissue thickness, number of hairs, metaxylem vessel area, xylem vessel area, phloem tissue area, vascular bundle area, number of motor cells as well as number of opened stomata on both upper and lower epidermis. On the other hand, water stress increased (P< 0.05) the number of hairs and closed stomata on both upper and lower epidermis in flag leaves of the two wheat cultivars. The magnitude of decrease in all anatomical features in flag leaf was more pronounced with the sensitive cultivar. Furthermore, Water stress led to a marked decrease (P< 0.05) in peduncle diameter, tracheids area, metaxylem vessel area, xylem tissue area, phloem tissue area, vascular tissue area, number of vascular bundles as well as opened stomata but increased the number of hairs and closed stomata on the peduncle surface of the two wheat cultivars. In relation to wheat cultivar, the sensitive was more affected by water stress than the resistant one. The application of GB, SA or their interaction induced some modifications in the anatomical features of the flag leaf and peduncle of main shoot which appeared to be an adaptive response to drought stress
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The Effects of Nitrate and Phosphate Deficiencies on Certain Biochemical Metabolites in Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. c.v. Urbana V.F.) Plant
стр.64-73
Khavari-Nejad R.A., Najafi F., Tofighi C.
Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are two important macronutrients with diverse functions in plants. Therefore, the effects of their deficiencies on different physiological and biochemical characteristics especially in crops have always been investigated. In this study, the effects of nitrate and phosphate deficiencies in two levels of 25% and 35% deficiencies compared to control plants were studied in Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. Results were analyzed statistically that showed a significant increase of root soluble and insoluble sugars and peroxidase activity and a significant decrease of root soluble proteins in both levels of nitrate and phosphate deficiencies which have less been studied. Furthermore, reverse relationships between soluble sugars and soluble proteins (r 2=0.996) and between insoluble sugars and soluble proteins (r 2=1) under nitrate deficiencies were developed. Also, by decreasing nitrate, β-caroten and xanthophyll contents decreased. By decreasing phosphate, concentration of β-caroten diminished but xanthophyll contents were not affected significantly. On the whole, biochemical characteristics were affected more in nitrate-deficient treatments in tomato plants than those of control plants.
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Agrobacterium Mediated Transformation of Fld and GUS Genes into Canola for Salinity Stress
стр.74-85
Niapour Nazila, Baghizadeh Amin, Tohidfar Masoud, Pourseyedi Shahram
Salinity is one of the major abiotic stress which limits wide spread canola cultivation. One way to overcome this problem could be transfection, to produce tolerable species. Cotyledonary and hypocotyls explants obtained from 4 and 7 days old seedling of Elite and RJS003 varieties were utilized in this study. Genetic transformation was implemented through Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 containing PBI121 plasmid and Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58, LBA4404, AGL0 and EHA 101 strains which contain P6u- ubi- fvt1 construct. The T-DNA region of P6u- Ubi- Fvt1 plasmid included HPT (Hygromycin phosphotransferase) plant selectable marker and Fld (flavodoxin) gene. PBI121 plasmid had NptII (Neomycin phosphotransferase) plant Selectable marker and β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter genes. Transfected explants were analyzed by PCR and histochemical assay for Fld and Gus genes, respectively. Our data indicated that the cotyledonary explants of both cultivars were incompetent to be infected with Fld gens. However, the transformation in Elite hypocotyls explants with Agrobacterium tumefaciens C58 and LBA 4404 strains were confirmed through PCR product and histochemical evaluation for Fld and GUS genes, respectively. Therefore, the result of this manuscript may to certain degree fulfill the endeavor appointed to this oilseed.
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Effect of NaCl Priming on Seed Germination of Tunisian Fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) Under Salinity Conditions
стр.86-96
Maher Souguir, Fraj Hassiba, Cherif Hannachi
Salinity is one major problem of increasing production in crop growing areas throughout the world. The objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of NaCl priming on seed germination of Tunisian fenugreek ( Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under salinity conditions. Seeds of fenugreek were primed with NaCl (4g/l) for 36 h in continuous 25°C. Experimental factors were included 2 priming treatments (NaCl and non-priming as control) and five salinity solution (4,6,8,10 and 12 gl -1). Results showed that seed priming increased final germination percentage, germination speed and radicle length over the non-primed treatment. At the lowest levels of salinity, there were no notable differences between primed and non-primed seeds, but with increasing salinity levels, primed seeds showed the better performance than non-primed seeds. These results indicated that NaCl priming significantly improved seed performance under salinity conditions.
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Effects of Water Stress on Rice Production: Bioavailability of Potassium in Soil
стр.97-107
Jahan Md Sarwar, Bin Nordin Mohd Nozulaidi, Bin Che Lah Mond Khairi, Khanif Yusop Mohd
Water demand in agriculture, municipal, and industrial purposes is increasing rapidly which will pressure on future demand in agriculture. To justify less water use in rice production, we produced rice under different water levels (DWLs) and justified potassium bioavailability. There were five DWLs were employed in this experiment. Besides measuring yield and yield parameters, relative water content (WRC) and chlorophyll content in leaves, soil pH and bioavailability of potassium (K) in soil solution were measured. Yield and yield parameters showed insignificant difference under DWLs. Different water levels did not affect weekly data of chlorophyll content and RWC in leaves. But chlorophyll content and RWC in leaves were significantly higher in week 6 or 9 than week 3. Different water levels did not affect soil pH. Our results suggest that rice can be produced under low water input without affecting yield and yield parameters and K bioavailability in soil.
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Effect of Heavy Metal Ions and Carbohydrates on the Activity of Cauliflower ( Brassica Oleracea Var. botrytis) Myrosinase
стр.108-117
Prakash Om, Rai Ajeet Kumar, Singh Jagdish, Singh P.M.
Myrosinase is an enzyme of cruciferous vegetables, hydrolyse glucosinolates. The breakdown products are involved in plant defence against insect and also have anti-fungal property. Myrosinase has been purified to apparent homogeneity from 5 days old germinated cauliflower seedlings having a specific activity of 12.71 units/mg proteins with 54.6 % recovery, using ammonium sulfate fractionation followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100. Effect of some metal ions and carbohydrates on the activity of partially purified cauliflower myrosinase was studied. Sr +2 at 4 mM concentration exhibited marked activating effect on the activity up to 2.7 fold while Fe +2 significantly inhibited. However, Sn +2 and Ba +2 increased the activity to a certain extent and then suppressed. On the other hand, some metal ions [Fe +2 , Fe +3, Cu +2 and Zn +2] strongly inhibited the activity even at lower concentrations. Several carbohydrates viz., glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and sorbitol even at comparatively higher concentrations had little detectable inhibitory effects. Activation kinetics of myrosinase in presence of Sn +2 and Sr +2 were studied between 0- 20min. The rate of reaction was almost constant till 15 min and then slight deactivation was recorded at various concentrations used.
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Effects of Exogenous Melatonin on Body Mass Regulation and Hormone Concentrations in Eothenomys miletus
стр.118-130
Zhu Wan-long, Zhang lin, Wang Zheng-kun
By regulating the pineal hormone, photoperiods affect many physiological characteristics in small mammals. Thus, melatonin might take part in the thermoregulation of seasonal variations in small mammals. This study determined the influence of melatonin treatment on thermogenic pattern, we measured body mass, thermogenic activities and hormone concentrations of Eothenomys miletus were given exogenous melatonin (MLT) for 28 days. The results shown that body mass was reduced significantly, whereas resting metabolic rate (RMR) and nonshivering thermogenesis (NST) increased at 28 days in MLT group compared to control group as well as the oxidative capacities of mitochondria in liver and brown adipose tissue (BAT) were enhanced; the contents of total and mitochodrial protein increased markedly. Melatonin treatment significantly increased the State 3, State 4 respiration of liver mitochondria, and the activity of cytochrome C oxidase (COX) in liver; but the α-glerocephasphate oxidase (α-PGO) capacity showed no differences during the acclimation in liver. Furthermore, the State 4 respiration, the activities of COX and α-PGO in BAT increased, respectively. The activity of thyroxin 5’-deiodinase (T 4 5’-DII) in BAT increased remarkably. The serum content of thyroxine (T 4) decreased, and that of tri-iodothyronine (T 3) increased. Moreover, serum leptin levels showed no significant differences in MLT group compared to control group. Together, these data indicate that melatonin enhances thermogenic capacity in E. miletus . Our results suggested that melatonin is potentially involved in the regulation of body mass, adaptive thermogenic capacity and hormone concentrations in E. miletus .
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Antioxidative Defense Responses to lead-induced Oxidative Stress in Glycine max L. CV. Merrill grown in Different pH Gradient
стр.131-147
Mishra Pankaj Kishor, Kumar Umesh, Mishra Meenakshi, Prakash Veeru
Physiological and biochemical changes as well as the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes under lead (Pb 2+) phytotoxicity were investigated in 20 days old soybean ( Glycine max L.) seedlings grown hydroponically in the laboratory under different pH conditions. The rapid uptake of Pb 2+ was observed immediately after the start of treatment. The quantity of accumulation of Pb 2+ was much higher in roots than in shoots, its level rising with increasing pH from 3.0 to 8.0. Not only that, an oxidative stress conditions were observed due to increased level of superoxide anion radical and hydrogen peroxide in shoots and root cells of 20 days old seedlings when treated with Pb(NO 3) 2 at a concentration of 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 μM. Spectrometric assays of seedlings showed increased level of activities of antioxidant enzymes like catalase, peroxidase and glutathione reductase. The presence of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) indicates the enhanced lipid peroxidation compared to controls. The alteration in the activities of the antioxidant enzymes and the induction of lipid peroxidation reflects the presence of Pb 2+, which may cause oxidative stress.
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The Responses of Ascorbate - Glutathione Cycle Enzymes in Seedlings of Pancratium maritimum L. Under Drought Treatments
стр.148-158
Seckin (Dinler) Burcu, Aksoy Merve
In this study, physiological and biochemical responses of ( Pancratium maritimum L.), desert plant which is very widespread on coastal sand dunes to drought were determined. Therefore 28 days (d) old plants were drought stressed by withholding water for 5 and 10 days. The changes in relative growth rate (RGR), relative water content (RWC) lipid peroxidation, and ascorbate-glutathione cycle enzymes activity ((ascorbate peroxidase (APX, EC 1.11.1.11), glutathione reductase (GR, EC 1.6.4.2) dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR, EC 1.8.5.1) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDAR, EC 1.6.5.4)) were investigated. Relative growth rate, relative water content were both decreased on the 5 and 10d of stress treatment while it was higher on the 10d. MDA content increased on the 10d while it did not change on the 5d. On the other hand, activities of APX, GR, MDAR and DHAR increased on the 5d but were not change on the 10d. These results suggest that ascorbate – glutathione cycle enzymes were efficient to prevent from oxidative damage under short term of drought stress in ( Pancratium maritimum L.) plants.
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Protective Role of Sodium Selenite on Mercuric Chloride Induced Oxidative and Renal Stress in Rats
стр.159-172
Necib Youcef, Bahi Ahlem, Zerizer Sakina
Backgroud: Reactive oxygen species are known to play a major role in mercuric chloride induced oxidative and renal stress. Sodium selenite as an exogenous source of selenium is used for endogenous selenoprotein synthesis to scavenge the free radicals. The study was designed to investigate the possible protective role of sodium selenite in mercuric chloride induced renal stress, by using biochemical approaches. Adult male Albinos Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups. The first group was served as the control, the second group was given sodium selenite (0.25 mg/kg b.w), while the third group was given mercuric chloride (0.25 mg/kg), finally, the fourth group was given combined treatment of sodium selenite and mercuric chloride for 3weeks. Results: The effects of sodium selenite on mercuric chloride induced oxidative and renal stress were evaluated by serum creatinine, urea, uric acid, billirubin levels and LDH activity, kidney tissue lipid peroxidation, GSH levels, GSH-Px, GST and catalase activities and hematological parameters. Administration of mercuric chloride induced significant increase in serum: creatinine, urea, uric acid and billirubin concentration showing renal stress. Mercuric chloride also induced oxidative stress, as indicate by decreased kidney tissue of GSH level, GSH-Px, GST, and catalase activities along with increase the level of lipid peroxidation. Furthermore, treatment with mercuric chloride caused a marked elevation of kidney weight and decreased body weight and erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels. Sodium selenite treatment markedly reduced elevated serum: creatinine, urea, uric acid and billirubin levels, and LDH activity and conteracted the deterious effects of mercuric chloride on oxidative stress markers and hematological parameters and atteneuated histopathological changes caused by HgCl 2 in kidney. Conclusion: Our results indicate that sodium selenite could have a beneficial role against mercuric chloride induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress in rat.
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Влияние Предпосадочной Тепловой Обработки На Активность Пероксидазы В Листьях Картофеля, Обработанного Монойдацетатом Натрия
стр.173-179
Перфильева А.И., Живетьев М.А., Рымарева Е.В.
Клубни картофеля двух сортов Луговской и Лукьяновский, обработанные ингибитором дыхания монойодацетатом натрия (1 мМ), подвергали термической обработке 37, 45 °С (1 ч), после клубни высаживали в почву. На 45-е сутки вегетации определяли активность общей пероксидазы из листьев картофеля в зависимости от рН реакционной смеси. Обнаружено, что термическая обработка снижала активность пероксидазы в листьях картофеля сорта Луговской при всех значениях рН. В листьях сорта Лукьяновский не отмечалось выраженного влияния термической обработки на активность пероксидазы.
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Growth and Yield Quality Parameter of Phyllanthus Amarus as Affected by Moisture and Temperature Stress factors
стр.180-188
Chandrawanshi N., Upadhyaya S.D., Nayak Preeti Sagar, Paroha S., Tiwari A.B.
This work investigates the influence of moisture and temperature stress on plant phenological parameters of Phyllanthus amarus plant. A pot experiment was conducted under controlled water stress environment in greenhouse during the Rabi season of 2007 and 2008 at the Experimental Farm area, JNKVV, Jabalpur. Plants were treated with different levels of water and temperature stresses. The experimental design was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with six treatments and five replications. Moisture stress has been given on selected dates for which the sets of pot were first brought to field capacity and the water withhold till wilting. It was found that the Plant height, Root length, Number of leaves, Number of branches per plants, No. of fruits per plant, Leaf area, Dry weight gm per plant were found maximum in control condition.
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Salt-induced changes in germination and vegetative stages of Anethum graveolens L
стр.189-198
The aim of this experiment was to determine the response of dill ( Anethum graveolens L.) to salt stress during germination and vegetative stages. In the first stage, response of dill seeds germination to levels of salinity (0, 50, 75 and 100 mM) was investigated. In the second stage, influence of salt stress on physiological and biochemical parameters in dill seedlings were investigated. Results showed germination rate and percentage, radical, plumule length and dry weight decreased significantly with the increase of salinity levels. Effect of salt stress on amount of chlorophyll a, b and total was significant. Results indicated that, amount of proline, total soluble carbohydrates and proteins and catalase (CAT) activity in shoots and roots significantly increased with the increase of salinity. These results showed that dill maintained higher carbohydrates, proteins, proline and activity of CAT under salt stress and these traits could have partially to its salt tolerance.
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Influence of Waterlogging on Carbohydrate Metabolism in Ragi and Rice Roots
стр.199-205
Kulkarni S.S., Chavan P.D.
Effect of different durations of waterlogging (4, 8 and12 days) stress on carbohydrate status and activities of some related enzymes in ragi and rice roots was studied. In both ragi and rice roots there was decrease in starch and total sugar content in response to waterlogging conditions. Activity of α amylase was decrease in ragi roots while opposite trend was noticed in case of rice roots. The activity of pyruvate kinase was markedly increased due to 4, 8 and 12 days waterlogging in ragi roots while such increase was noticed in rice roots due to 12 days stress. Treatment of waterlogging caused enhancement in the activity of alkaline inorganic pyrophosphatase in the roots of both ragi and rice.
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Variations of Endocrine Hormones Concentrations in Tupaia belangeri under Simulated Seasonal Acclimatized: Role of Leptin Sensitivity
стр.206-218
Zhu Wan-long, Mu Yuan, Zhang lin, Wang Zheng-kun
Seasonal variations in endocrine hormones concentrations are important for the survival of small mammals during acclimatization. In order to understand the role of leptin sensitivity on other endocrine hormones concentrations, we examined body mass, serum leptin level, serum insulin, tri-iodothyronine (T 3), thyroxine (T 4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in Tupaia belangeri under seasonal acclimatized (The simulated temperature and photoperiod in winter: 5°C and SD, 8h :16h Light: Dark; the simulated temperature and photoperiod in summer: 30°C and SD, 16h :8h Light: Dark) for 4 weeks. The results showed that body mass, serum leptin level, serum T 3, T 4 concentrations and T 3/ T 4 showed significant variation, but serum insulin and TSH concentrations showed no variations between treatment group. There were positive correlation between serum leptin level and insulin, T 4 concentrations, and were negative correlation between serum leptin level and body mass, T 3 concentrations. However, no correlation was found between serum TSH concentrations and serum leptin level. The present results suggested T. belangeri overcome winter thermogenesis challenges by adjusting body mass and endocrine hormones concentrations. Furthermore, leptin may play an potential role in their body mass regulation in T. belangeri .
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Influence of Chlorpyrifos Stress on Protein Metabolism of Edible Crab Barytelphusa guerini, and its Recovery
стр.219-231
Narra Madhusudan Reddy, Regatte Rudra Reddy, Kodimyala Rajender
The sublethal stress of chlorpyrifos on important metabolites and enzymes of protein metabolism was investigated in most important tissues (gills, muscle, hepatopancreas and nervous tissue) of freshwater edible crab, Barytelphusa guerini . The crabs were exposed to 0.07 mg/l (1/3 of LC 50) for 7, 14, 21 and 28 days. After 28 days of exposure, they were released into fresh water and kept in the same for 21 days in order to study recovery (3days interval). Total protein content was decreased where as amino acids and ammonia was increased. After cessation of intoxication recovery was observed. Urea content was decrease in all tissues and glutamine exhibited mixed response and recovery was highest in muscle. The activities of protease and aminotransferases were elevated in tissues for 28 days. Recovery of these enzymes activities was noticed during depuration. Acid phosphatase activity was inhibited in hepatopancreas and nervous ganglion and induced in gills and muscle. Alkaline phosphatase activity was enhanced in gills and hepatopancreas and inhibited in muscle and nervous ganglion. All these enzymes showed recovery after released of crabs into fresh water.
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Effect of Ionic and Chelate Assisted Hexavalent Chromium on Mung Bean Seedlings ( Vigna radiata L. wilczek. var k-851) During Seedling Growth
стр.232-241
Mohanty Monalisa, Patra Hemanta Kumar
The effect of Cr +6 with and without chelating agents were assessed in mung bean seedlings grown hydroponically. It was noted that the growth parameters showed a declining trend with increasing Cr +6 concentrations without chelate application. Among the seedlings grown with chelated chromium complexes, Cr +6–DTPA (10µM) showed highest growth rate of roots as well as shoots. At higher concentration of Chromium i.e. Cr +6 (100µM), there exhibited high chlorophyll content in mung bean leaves where the seedlings showed stunted growth. The seedlings treated without and with chelated chromium complexes showed increased proline content as compared to control. The enzymatic study showed that, the catalase activity was maximum in shoots as compared to roots and the reverse is true in the case of peroxidase activity i.e. the roots showed higher value than that of the shoots.
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Impact of Heat Stress on Electrocardiographic Changes in New Zealand White Rabbits
стр.242-252
Kour Juneet, Ahmed Jafrin Ara, Aarif Ovais
A study was conducted on twelve clinically normal and healthy New Zealand White rabbits of both sexes, weighing between 2-3 kg, and aged between 1-3 years to observe the normal electrocardiogram and its changes during heat stress. The normal electrocardiogram and changes during heat stress were evaluated for the three bipolar standard limb leads (I, II and III) and three unipolar augmented limb leads (aVR, aVL and aVF). ECG recordings were made in sternal recumbency using a multi channel electrocardiograph. The normal heart rate with a mean of 204±7 beats/min was recorded. The mean amplitude observed was 0.05±0.002 mV for P wave; 0.19±0.008 mV for QRS; 0.14±0.007 mV for T wave. The mean duration observed was 0.03±0.002 sec for P wave; 0.06±0.002 sec for PR interval; 0.05±0.003 sec for QRS complex; 0.13±0.004 sec for QT interval; 0.07±0.002 sec for T wave. During heat stress tachycardia was observed with progressive rise in temperature along with ventricular fibrillation, ventricular extra-systole and atrial fibrillation. At 43°C, ventricular fibrillation was observed in Lead II, III, aVL and aVF. At 45°C, ventricular extra-systole was recorded in Lead III, aVL and aVF. At 45°C (30 mins more exposure), ventricular extra-systole in Lead I and ventricular fibrillation in Lead III was observed. At 47°C, ventricular fibrillation was seen in Lead II, III, aVR, aVL and aVF. At 47°C (30 mins more exposure), atrial fibrillation in all the leads were observed The mean cardiac axis recorded was 90°±0.065 without significant alterations throughout the study.
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Genotypic Variation for Salinity Tolerance in Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) Genotypes at Early Growth Stages
стр.253-262
Tigabu Endalew, Andargie Mebeaselassie, Tesfaye Kindie
Sorghum ( Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) is the fifth most economically important crop among cereals in the world. Salinity is an abiotic factor which reduces productivity of sorghum. Exploiting genetic variability to identify salt tolerant genotype is one of the strategies used to overcome salinity. Pot experiment was carried out to evaluate the genetic variation of eleven sorghum genotypes for NaCl salinity response at germination and early seedling stages. The experimental treatments were five NaCl salinity levels (0, 2, 4, 8, and 16 dS m -1) and eleven sorghum genotypes (Gambella1107, Melkam, S-35, ESH-2, Gobye, 97MW6130, Meko, 76T1#23, ICSV-111, Abshir and Teshale). The experimental design was completely randomized design with three replicates. Data was analyzed using SAS (version 9.0) statistical software and means were separated by LSD. Germination rate, final germination percentage, seedling shoot length and seedling root length were measured. The ANOVA for treatments, genotypes and their interaction was found to be highly significant (p<0.001) with regard to all parameters. Genotypes Meko, Gambella1107, ICSV-111 and Melkam were found salt tolerant during germination and seedling growth stages. However, genotypes ESH-2 and Gobye were salt sensitive during both stages. The rest sorghum genotypes were intermediate in their salt tolerance. The study affirmed the presence of wide genotypic variation among the sorghum genotypes for NaCl salt tolerance.
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Зимостойкость Ремонтантной Малины в Условиях Юга Иркутской Области
стр.263-270
Раченко М.А., Раченко Е.И.
Изучали зимостойкость разных сортов ремонтантной малины в полевых и лабораторных условиях. Дана оценка зимостойкости ремонтантной малины в скашиваемой культуре и побегов второго года. Выделены наиболее зимостойкие генотипы, перспективные для выращивания на юге Иркутской области.
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Hematological Response of Clarias Gariepinus Fingerlings Exposed to Acute Concentrations of SUNSATE®
стр.271-278
Okomoda V.T., Ataguba G.A., Ayuba V.O.
The present study was designed to evaluate the 96 hours LC 50 of sunsate® and the hematological variation of fingerlings of African catfish exposed to different concentrations of the herbicides. Using static bioassays with continuous aeration under laboratory conditions acute toxicity of Sunsate ® was determine to be 18.33 mg l -1 with upper and lower limit of 20.93 and 16.05 respectively. Also the toxicant led to significant (P<0.05) changes in haematological parameters as the toxicant concentration increased. Haemoglobin content (Hb), Mean Red Blood Cells (RBC), Platelet count (PLT), Packed Cell Volume (PCV), reduced as the concentration of toxicant increased while other parameters increased proportional with the toxicant concentration. Precautious use of Sunsate ® for the control of Aquatic weeds is recommended.
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Changes in the Activity of Antioxidant and Glyoxylate Cycle Enzymes of Hydro-Primed Calendula officinalis (L.) Seeds after Re-Drying Temperature Stress
стр.279-286
In order to study the effect of re-drying temperatures on the enzymatic activation of hydro-primed Calendula officinalis (L.) seeds, a completely randomized design with three replications was conducted. Treatments were six different re-drying temperatures including control (without drying), 20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 ◦C applied after hydro-priming. Results showed that rapid drying at high temperatures (40-60 ◦C) caused a significant difference comparing control. The best re-drying temperature considering many studied traits was 20-30 ◦C. At 60 ◦C, activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and peroxidase decreased 65.5, 75, and 62%, respectively over control. Re-drying had not significant effect on the activity of malate synthase and isocitrate lyase in comparison with control and 20-30 ◦C that demonstrates no negative and reductive effect of re-drying with these temperatures on seed germination. It seems that seeds are more desiccation tolerant at these temperatures. In conclusion, we can dry hydro-primed seeds slowly at 20 and 30 ◦C and store them until utilization.
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Toxicity Concerns of Semiconducting Nanostructures on Aquatic Plant Hydrilla verticillata
стр.287-298
Mishra Priya, Shukla Vineet K., Yadav Raghvendra S., Pandey Avinash C.
In this article, we have examined toxicity of nanostructures such as flower-like ZnO capped with starch, spherical uncapped ZnO and spherical CdS on aquatic plant Hydrilla verticillata, which has not done before. Hydrilla plant was exposed by these nanoparticles at a concentration of 400 mg/L for 7 days and changes in the biochemical parameters such as catalase activity, chlorophyll content and protein content were observed. It was perceived that spherical CdS nanoparticles were more toxic than the corresponding ZnO nanoparticles since there was a decrease in chlorophyll content and increase in catalase activity. This effort upsurge an interest in understanding the hazards of nanomaterials and their risk, which poses an impact on our environment and how they can be monitored via simple biochemical assays on plant systems.
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Structural Carbohydrates and Lignifications Associated with Submergence Tolerance in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.)
стр.299-306
Panda Debabrata, Sarkar R. K.
Role of structural carbohydrate content and lignifications in rice shoot were studied in three indica rice ( Oryza sativa L.) cultivars namely FR13A (tolerant to submergence), IR42 (susceptible to submergence) and Sabita (adapted to medium depth, 0-50 cm stagnant flooding), varying degrees of tolerance to submergence under control and 8 days after submergence conditions. During submergence, Sabita and IR 42 accelerated the rate of stem and leaf elongation more than that of FR 13A. Submergence significantly reduces the cellulose and hemicelluloses content. The decrease was more pronounced in susceptible rice cultivar than that of tolerant rice cultivar. Lignifications’ was monitored by measuring the content of lignin and the activities of two enzymes of the lignin biosynthetic pathway, coniferyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) in rice shoots. Lignin content and PAL and CAD activity was more in susceptible cv. both under control and 8d after submergence. In conclusion submergence induced elongation of rice shoot might decreased the structural carbohydrate level as our experiment showed a significant negative correlation of cellulose and hemicelluloses with plant height but also positively associated with plant survival under submergence. The content of lignin and activities of CAD and PAL showed negative association with shoot elongation, yet the association of these parameters with survival was non-significant.
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Phytotoxic Effects of Cinnamic Acid on Cabbage ( Brassica oleracea Var. capitata)
стр.307-317
Singh N. B., Sunaina, Yadav K., Amist N.
The present study deals with the effects of exogenous application of cinnamic acid (CA) on growth and metabolism in growing seedlings of Brassica oleracea Var. capitata (cabbage) in hydroponic culture. CA was added at 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mM concentrations. CA has shown inhibitory effects on shoot and root length, fresh and dry weight of seedlings. CA significantly decreased the photosynthetic pigments, nitrate reductase activity and protein content. Graded concentrations of CA increased lipid peroxidation and sugar content. The increasing concentrations of CA significantly increased the antioxidative enzymes activity viz. superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase against the oxidative stress caused by CA.
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Прогнозирование Адаптационного Потенциала Травянистых Многолетников
стр.318-323
Белых О.А., Намзалов Б.-Ц. Б.
Исследована проблема прогнозирования формирования продуктивных признаков экобиоморф травянистых многолетников семейства Ranunculaceae на основе количественных связей параметров особей с ведущими геоморфологическими факторами среды в Сибири.
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