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Studies on the effect of Cu (II) ions on the antioxidant enzymes in chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) cultivars
стр.5-13
Sharma Anshula, Singh Gurpreet
Seed is a developmental stage that is highly protective against external stresses in the plant life cycle. Present study was undertaken with the aim to elucidate the toxic effect of Cu (II) ions on the antioxidant enzymes in chickpea cultivars during seed development and growth. Seven-day-old seedlings were subjected to different concentrations (0-100 ppm) of CuSO 4*7H 2O for 2 days followed by analysis of effect on different antioxidant enzymes. Our results indicated that with the increase in the Cu ion concentration, the antioxidant activities of catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase showed a differential behavioral pattern. Besides the antioxidant activity, the toxic affect was also observed in other physiological parameters viz. root/shoot length, RWC and lipid peroxidation. This study indicates that the toxicity of Cu stress is dependent on the physiological state of tissue surrounding the embryo is in part responsible for determining the toxicity.
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Growth, carbon isotope discrimination and nitrogen uptake in silicon and/or potassium fed barley grown under two watering regimes
стр.14-27
Kurdali Fawaz, Al-Chammaa Mohammad
The present pot experiment was an attempt to monitor the beneficial effects of silicon (Si) and/or potassium (K) applications on growth and nitrogen uptake in barley plants grown under water (FC1) and non water (FC2) stress conditions using 15N and 13C isotopes. Three fertilizer rates of Si (Si 50, Si 100 and Si 200) and one fertilizer rate of K were used. Dry matter (DM) and N yield (NY) in different plant parts of barley plants was affected by Si and/ or K fertilization as well as by the watering regime level under which the plants have been grown. Solely added K or in combination with adequate rate of Si (Si 100) were more effective in alleviating water stress and producing higher yield in barley plants than solely added Si. However, the latter nutrient was found to be more effective than the former in producing higher spike's N yield. Solely added Si or in combination with K significantly reduced leave's ∆ 13C reflecting their bifacial effects on water use efficiency (WUE), particularly in plants grown under well watering regime. This result indicated that Si might be involved in saving water loss through reducing transpiration rate and facilitating water uptake; consequently, increasing WUE. Although the rising of soil humidity generally increased fertilizer nitrogen uptake (Ndff) and its use efficiency (%NUE) in barley plants, applications of K or Si fertilizers to water stressed plants resulted in significant increments of these parameters as compared with the control. Our results highlight that Si or K is not only involved in amelioration of growth of barley plants, but can also improve nitrogen uptake and fertilizer nitrogen use efficiency particularly under water deficit conditions.
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Stress related variations in serum vitamin E and C levels of Murrah buffaloes
стр.28-34
Joshi A., Kataria N., Kataria A.K., Pandey N., Asopa S., Sankhala L.N., Pachaury R., Khan S.
He study was designed to determine stress related variations in endogenous vitamin E and C levels of Murrah buffaloes. For this purpose, four hundred and fifty healthy adult female Murrah buffaloes between 4 and 12 years of age were sampled to harvest the sera during adverse ambiences viz. moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. Animals were broadly divided into non-pregnant milch, pregnant milch, pregnant dry, primipara and multipara. The mean values (µmol L-1) of serum vitamin E and C were 4.31±0.03 and 23.34±0.33, respectively during moderate ambience. The mean values of both the vitamin E and C depressed significantly (p≤0.05) during hot and cold ambiences as compared to moderate ambience. It was observed that decline in each value during hot ambience was greater than that of respective cold ambience. A significant (p≤0.05) variation was observed in the mean values of vitamin E and C in each ambience in the animals of all physiological states. The mean values of both the vitamins of non pregnant milch animals were highest (p≤0.05) whereas they were lowest(p≤0.05) in pregnant dry animals. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced oxidative stress in the buffaloes of all physiological states. The depressed levels of endogenous vitamin E and C in the serum showed their depletion in the body probably to combat free radical scavengers. Vitamin E and C should be supplemented to protect the animals from oxidative stress.
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Effects of gradient photoperiod and temperature on energy metabolism and body composition in Tupaia belangeri chinensis
стр.35-45
Zhu Wan-long, Zhang lin, Wang Zheng-kun
In order to explore the adaptive changes in energy metabolism and body composition in response to a gradual reduction in both ambient temperature and photoperiod, male adult tree shrews Tupaia belangeri chinensis were raised under the conditions of 30 oC and 12L:12D photoperiod (control group). The treatment group was changed from 25 oC and 16L:8D photoperiod to 5 oC and 8L:16D photoperiod (treatment group) over a period of four weeks and then maintained at those conditions for a further 4 weeks. Changes in body mass, resting metabolic rates (RMR),energy intake, and wet and dry mass of organs and tissues were measured at the end of the acclimation. Body mass in treatment tree shrews was higher than control. RMR showed significant differences between groups. No significant differences were detected in dry matter intake, energy intake, and digestible energy intake in control tree shrews during the whole acclimation period, while these parameters were significantly increased within treatment tree shrews at the end of acclimation, and were significantly higher than those in control tree shrews. Small intestine and stomach dry mass, as well as the wet mass of small intestine, heart, lung, liver and kidney were significantly higher in treatment groups than in controls, but no significant differences were found in the mass of other organs and tissues. These results suggest that increasing body mass and energy intake, together with adjusting the mass of some organs and tissues, are important physiological changes in tree shrews to adapt the changing environmental conditions.
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Ambient stress vis-a-vis enzyme regulators of carbohydrate metabolism in Marwari goat from arid tracts in India
стр.46-53
Pandey N., Kataria N., Kataria A.K., Joshi A., Sankhala L.N., Pachaury R., Asopa S.
The study was designed to determine modulation of enzyme regulators of carbohydrate metabolism in Marwari breed of goat of both sexes and varying age groups during moderate, extreme hot and cold ambiences. The enzyme regulators included sorbitol dehydrogenase (SDH), malate dehydrogenase (MDH), glucose-6-phosphatase (G-6-Pase) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PDH) which were determined in the serum. The modderate ambience was considered as control for each enzyme regulator and the mean values in UL -1 were 8.67±0.005, 40.87±0.32, 8.04±0.003 and 7.53±0.005, respectively. The mean values of SDH, MDH and G-6-Pase were significantly (p≤0.05) higher during hot and cold ambiences in comparison to respective moderate mean value. However, the increase was more in cold than hot ambience for each case. The mean value of G-6-PDH was significantly (p≤0.05) higher during cold ambience while significantly (p≤0.05) lower during hot ambience in comparison to moderate mean value. In each ambience the sex and age effects were significant (p≤ 0.05) on each enzyme regulators. It could be concluded that extreme ambiences produced modulations in the metabolic reactions reflected on the basis of pattern of variations of enzyme regulators in the serum.
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Physiological Response to Salinity and Alkalinity of Rice Genotypes of Varying Salt Tolerance Grown in Field Lysimeters
стр.54-65
Surekha Rao P., Mishra B., Gupta S.R., Rathore A.
Soil salinity and alkalinity seriously threaten rice production in south Asia. Improving screening methodologies to identify sources of tolerance for improved breeding for salt tolerant rice is of continuing importance. Rice genotypes of varying salt tolerance, such as tolerant (T), semi-tolerant (ST), and sensitive (S), were grown in field lysimeters in saline soil of EC e 4 and 8 mS cm -1 and alkali soil of pH 2 9.5 and 9.8 in North India and analyzed for chlorophyll (Chl), sugar, starch and proline in leaves. Chlorophyll a and b decreased due to salinity in all the tolerance groups. However, Chl a was not much affected but chl b increased with alkalinity. Under high stress both at EC e 8 and pH 2 9.8 Chl a and b were more in tolerant than in sensitive genotypes. The ratio of Chl a/b was similar in T, ST and S genotypes under salinity stress. Sugar accumulation was higher in T compared to S under normal conditions but under salinity or alkalinity stress the differences were not significant. Leaf starch was highest in T, intermediate in ST and lowest in S genotypes in normal as well as under salinity and alkalinity stress. There was decrease in starch with salinity and alkalinity stress only in T group but not in ST and S group. Proline increased significantly in all the tolerance groups even at low salinity of EC e 4 mS cm -1 or pH 2 9.5. The salt tolerant genotypes of rice maintained higher levels of Chl a and b, starch and proline under high salinity and alkalinity stress are thus robust criteria for tolerating high salinity and alkalinity.
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Zinc toxicity on antioxidative response in (Zea mays L.) at two different pH
стр.66-73
Hosseini Zahra, Poorakbar Latifeh
Zn is the second most abundant transition metal after iron (Fe). Excess Zn can have negative effects on plants. The effect of Zn at two different pH on lipid peroxidation (MDA), membrane permeability (EC), hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2), non-protein thiols (NPT) and the activities of major antioxidant enzymes Zea mays were investigated under controlled growth conditions. Zn-excess conditions increased the EC, MDA, H 2O 2 content and non-protein thiols and also activities of antioxidant enzymes were increased. Also zinc toxicity was higher in 4.5 pH than 7.5 pH.
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Purification, characterization and partial cDNA cloning of hightemperature stress-induced protein from French bean ( Phaseolus vulgaris)
стр.74-86
Nagesh Babu R, Balaji K.N., Devaraj V.R.
In order to identify the components of high temperature response in French bean, three heat shock proteins induced under high temperature were purified to homogeneity by Carboxy methyl cellulose and sephadex G-100 chromatography followed by preparative SDS-PAGE. Two of these, Hsp1 and Hsp3 were further characterized by immuno-detection with polyclonal antibodies. Hsp3 exhibited ATPase and chaperone activity with malate dehydrogenase and citrate synthase. Partial cDNA for Hsp3 synthesized using the primer derived from amino-terminal sequence was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The recombinant protein possesses ATPase activity, and showed thermal protection at 50°C in Escherichia coli . The translated partial cDNA showed homology with stress induced proteins including ATPases from higher plants. These results supported the fact that French bean response to high temperature stress involves Hsps as one of the principal components.
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Effect of Thiourea on Yield and Quality of Potato ( Solanum tuberosum L.)
стр.87-95
Mani F., Bettaieb T., Zheni K., Doudech N., Hannachi C.
A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of five concentrations (0, 250, 500, 750 and 1000 mM) of thiourea application on mother tubers on yield and quality attributes of harvested potato, variety Spunta in the region of Chott-Mariem in Tunisia. Treated tubers (Ø = 50 mm) were planted in field after breaking dormancy at a spacing of 80 cm x 30 cm according to completely randomized design (CRD) in three replications. Quality attributes of potato tubers especially fresh matter and dry matter of plant, total reducing sugars in leaves, tuber yield, number and diameter of tubers per plant and number of sprouts per tuber was measured. Soluble proteins and starch content in potato tubers were also quantified. In general we noted that application of thiourea showed significant influence on yield and on quality of tubers comparing to control. Maximum tuber yield per plant, maximum number of tubers per plant and maximum starch content was recorded with 250 mM of thiourea. Moreover, highest dry matter of potato plant was found also at this concentration. While increasing dose of thiourea thereafter it showed slight significant improvement and do not affect significantly the diameter of tubers comparing to control.
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Protective effect of ghrelin on sodium valproate-induced liver injury in rat
стр.96-105
Sadeghi Niaraki Mandana, Nabavizadeh Fatemeh, Vaezi Gholam H., Alizadeh Ali M, Nahrevanian Hossein, Moslehi Azam, Azizian Saleh
Ghrelin is a peptide that has protective effects on many tissues injury. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Sodium valproate is widely used anticonvuisant and anti-depression drug with hepatotoxic side effects. The aim of this study was to evaluated the protective role of ghrelin in liver toxicity due to sodium valproate overdose. Eighteen rats were used in this study and divided in to three groups, containing: control, sodium valproate, and sodium valproate and ghrelin groups. Nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and hepatic enzymes AST (aspartate aminotransferase) and ALT (alanine aminotransferase), were assessed and histologic study of liver were performed as indicators of liver damage following sodium valproate toxicity. This study showed the ghrelin decreased ALT and AST to the normal level. Our results show that ghrelin significantly increased NO metabolites and decreased PGE2 level comparison with sodium valproate group, but had no significant change compared to the control group. we showed that ghrelin administration inhibited liver injury in rats due to sodium valproate toxicity.
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Oxidative Stress Induced Lipid Peroxidation And DNA Adduct Formation In The Pathogenesis Of Multiple Myeloma And Lymphoma
стр.106-112
Tandon Ravi, Bhakar Mahima, Pande Deepti, Karki Kanchan, Negi Reena, Khanna H.D.
Objective: To access the oxidative stress status by quantification of byproducts generated during lipid peroxidation and DNA breakdown products generated during DNA damage in the blood serum of multiple myeloma and lymphoma patients. Material & Methods: Case control study comprised of 40 patients of multiple myeloma and 20 patients of lymphoma along with 20 age and sex-matched healthy subjects as controls. Levels of Malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy-Guanosine were measured to study the oxidative stress status in the study subjects. Results: The level of markers of DNA damage and lipid peroxidation were found to be raised significantly in the study subjects in comparison to healthy controls. The results indicate oxidative stress and DNA damage activity increase progressively with the progression of disease. Conclusion: Oxidative stress causes DNA damage and Lipid peroxidation which results in the formation of DNA adducts leading to mutations thereby indicate the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma and lymphoma.
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Water Status and Protein Pattern Changes Towards Salt Stress in Cotton
стр.113-123
A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate performance of four upland cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties, Deir-Ezzor22 (DE22), Niab78 (N78), Aleppo118 (A118) and Deltapine50 (DP50) grown under non-saline conditions (control) and salt stress (200 mM NaCl) for 7 weeks. During the course of the experiment, potential osmotic (ψ), leaf relative water content (RWC), water saturation deficit (WSD), membrane stability index (MSI), and salt tolerance index (STI) were measured. Moreover, protein pattern changes were detected under salt application. Data indicated that potential osmotic (ψ) considerably decreased under saline condition. Where, the lowest value was recorded for DP50 and A118, while the highest one was recorded for N78 and DE22. Whereas, RWC was strongly reduced for DP50 and A118, while, it was slightly increased for N78 and DE22 varieties. However, it was noticed that WSD showed an inverse trend of RWC. In contrast to DP50 and A118 varieties, both the estimated membrane stability index (MSI) and salt tolerance index (STI) were higher in N78 and DE22. In addition, salt application induced changes in protein pattern including decrease, increase or induction of some polypeptides bands. According to our results, N78 and DE22 varieties showed a better protection mechanism against salinity damage than the other two tested varieties.
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Effect of Abiotic Stresses on Histidine kinases Gene Expression in Zea mays L. cv. SC. 704
стр.124-135
Javadmanesh Susan, Rahmani Fatemeh, Pourakbar Latifeh
UV-B radiation and osmotic stress (like drought and salinity) have a significant effect on physiology, morphology, biochemistry and molecular biology. To cope with such stimuli, plants must be able to effectively sense, respond to and adapt to changes in their biological activities. Hence, signal transduction pathways play important role in response to environmental stimuli. In this study, the expression of three Histidine Kinases including ZmHK1 , ZmHK2 and ZmHK3a was studied in maize plants exposed to 8 days drought, salinity and UV-B stresses applying transcript approach. The semi-quantitative RT-PCR analyses of ZmHKs showed up-regulation of ZmHK1 and ZmHK3a genes after 8 days exposure to applied stresses except salinity in leaves, although, their regulation was more prominent during drought stress. Astonishingly, exposure to these stresses showed down-regulation of all genes in maize roots. However, the ZmHK1 behavior was quite different from two other homologues and showed up-regulation in combined stresses. We suggest that ZmHK1 and ZmHK3a, as cytokinin transmembrane receptors, sense osmolarity changes in cells caused by dehydration. Our data supports the involvement of ZmHK homologues under these stresses in maize and provides a gene expression dynamics during the stress which will be valuable for further studies of the molecular mechanisms of stress tolerance in maize.
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Gallic Acid Protects Against Immobilization Stress-Induced Changes In Wistar Rats
стр.136-147
Shabir Ahmad Rather, Sarumathi A., Anbu S., Saravanan N.
Background: Stress triggers a wide range of body changes. Herbal medicines are rich in non specific antistress agents. Purpose: The present study was carried out to evaluate the antistress effect of gallic acid (GA), a naturally occurring plant phenol, on immobilization induced-stress in male albino Wistar rats. Methods: The immobilization stress was induced in rats by putting the rats in 20 cm × 7 cm plastic tubes for 2 h/day for 21 days. Rats were post orally treated with GA at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight via intragastric intubations. Results: Treatment with GA significantly increased the food intake, body weight, organ weight (spleen, testis and brain) and the significant reduction was found in weight of liver, kidney, heart and adrenal glands, which was increased in stressed rats. GA also significantly reduced the elevated levels of plasma glucose, plasma and tissue cholesterol (CHL), triglycerides (TG), Low Density Lipid (LDL), Very Low Density Lipid (VLDL) and also significantly increased the level of High Density Lipid (HDL). A significant decrease in hematological parameters like RBC count, total and differential WBC count was also found which were increased in immobilization stress. Conclusion: GA prevented the stress-induced physiological, biochemical and hematological changes, indicating the preventive effect against stress.
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Effect of temperature on body temperature and resting metabolic rate in pups of Eothenomys miletus
стр.148-156
Zhu Wan-long, Mu Yuan, Zhang lin, Wang Zheng-kun
In order to investigate the ability of ambient temperature and thermoregulation in Eothenomys miletus , body temperature and resting metabolic rate (RMR) were measured during postnatal development (1-49 day) when E. miletus exposed different ambient temperature. The result showed that: body temperature and RMR of pups in E. miletus increased according to the increase of ambient temperature during 1 day to 7 day, showed character of poikilotherms; body temperature of pups were lower in low temperature(5 oC,10 oC), relatively and RMR increased significantly when day age is 14 day, it indicated that the pups showed a certain degree of thermoregulation in this phase. Its thermoregulation ability developed quickly during 7 day to 14 day. RMR of pups was extreme significantly higher in low temperature than that in other temperature when day age was 21 day, it showed that the pups had some thermoregulation to low temperature stimulation. The RMR of pups was showed increasing trend in high temperature(35 oC) when 28 day; on 35 day and 42 day, the thermal neutral zone were 22.5 to 30 oC and approaching its adult level. All of these results indicated that pups of E. miletus in the different growing period had different thermogenesis and energy allocation to maintain stable to body temperature, thermogenesis was weaker in the early phase of postnatal development, most of energy is used to its growth. After pups were weaned, the ability of constant temperature and thermoregulation developed quickly to adjust variations of environment during postnatal development.
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Synergistic accumulative effect of salicylic acid and dibutyl phthalate on paclitaxel production in Corylus avellana cell culture
стр.157-168
Rezaei A., Ghanati F., Behmanesh M., Safari M., Sharafi Y.
Suspension cell cultures of Corylus avellana were challenged with salicylic acid and its combined use with dibutyl phthalate solvent. Salicylic acid with concentrations of 12.5, 25 and 50 mg L –1 and 10% (v/v) dibutyl phthalate were used and added on day 8 and 10 of subculture, respectively. The results showed that growth, viability and protein content of cells were decreased by the treatments, compared to control. In all treatments, hydrogen peroxide content and lipid peroxidation rate of cells increased, compared to those of the control cells. Activity of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase increased by salicylic acid and, dibutyl phthalate exaggerated effect of salicylic acid. While flavonoids content decreased by the treatments, paclitaxel content increased significantly. The extracellular paclitaxel was more affected, compared to cell-associated paclitaxel and all treatments increased paclitaxel release and specific yield compared to that of the control. The most production of paclitaxel and specific yield of it were observed under effect of combined use of salicylic acid (50 mg L –1) and dibutyl phthalate, suggesting a synergistic accumulative effect.
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Smoke priming, a potent protective agent against salinity: Effect on proline accumulation, elemental uptake, pigmental attributes and protein banding patterns of rice ( Oryza Sativa)
стр.169-183
Jamil Muhammad, Malook Ijaz, Parveen Salma, Naz Tayybah, Ali Arshad, Ullah Jan Sami, ur Rehman Shafiq
The exogenous application of plant derived smoke solution through seed pre treatment is consider to create tolerance in the plant against salinity, for this purpose different dilution of plant derived smoke solution as 1:5000 Buhania , 1:1000 Buhania , 1:1000 Cymbopogon , 1:500 Cymbopogon were used against 0 mM, 50, 100 and 150mM NaCl solution in the medium. The effect was observed on total proline accumulation, heavy metals uptake, photosynthetic pigments and protein poly peptide bands intensity in two rice varieties as Basmati 385 (B-385) and Shaheen Basmati (S. Basmati). Proline concentration increases while chlorophyll “a” chlorophyll “b” and carotene level decreases with increasing salinity. On other hand zinc concentration increases while cadmium and lead concentration decrease in the crop under saline conditions. Intensity of protein polypeptides bands decreases gradually with increasing salinity level but plants from the seeds soaked with smoke solution alleviate the drastic affect of salinity, and intensity of bands is quite good by comparing with non primed seeds. It is concluded that seed priming with plant derived smoke solution show beneficial effect on crop to protect them from salinity.
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Isolation and Purification of Heterotetrameric Catalase from a Desiccation Tolerant Cyanobacterium Lyngbya arboricola
стр.184-208
Kapoor Shivali, Tripathi S. N., Shrivastava Alpana
The desiccation tolerant cyanobacterium Lyngbya arboricola , isolated from bark surfaces of Mangifera indica , possessed up to four stable isoforms of catalase in addition to other antioxidative enzymes, for several years under a dry state. Purification of the two most persistent isoforms of catalase (Cat) has been undertaken by employing acetone precipitation, ethanol: chloroform treatment, gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography. The two isoforms of catalase remained almost unchanged on varying matric and osmotic hydration levels of mats of the cyanobacterium. The purification procedures resulted in a 1.3 % yield of purified single isoform (0.22 mg mL -1 protein) with 709 Units mg -1 specific activity and a purity index of 0.83. Five millimolar of dithiothreitol (DTT) was observed to be pertinent in maintaining the optimum redox state of the enzyme. The purification procedures additionally facilitated the simultaneous elimination and procurement of phycoerythrins (PE) and mycosporine-like amino acids (MAA). Each purified isoform gave a single band (~45kDa) upon SDS-PAGE and denaturing urea isoelectric focusing (IEF) depicted the presence of 2 subunits each of CatA and CatB. The monoisotopic mass and pI value of CatA and CatB as revealed by LC-MS analysis and internal amino acid sequencing was 78.96, 5.89 and 80.77, 5.92, respectively, showing resemblance with CatA of Erysiphe graminis subs. hordei and CatB of Ajellomyces capsulata . The heterotetrameric monofunctional catalase (~320 kDa), due to its stability in the form of resistance to ethanol: chloroform, its thermoalkaliphilic nature and the presence of innumerable hydrophobic amino acid residues (~40%), thus exhibited its potential for biotechnological applications.
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Evaluation of salt tolerance (NaCl) in Tunisian chili pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L.) on growth, mineral analysis and solutes synthesis
стр.209-228
Zhani Kaouther, Hermans Nina, Ahmad Rezwan, Hannachi Cherif
Every year, more and more land becomes non-productive due to salinity which adversely affects the productivity and quality of most crops that is why salinity becomes a concern to be studied more to understand the mechanisms included and select the tolerant genotypes. In this context, this investigation was carried out to study the impact of NaCl on growth, mineral analysis and solutes synthesis in five Tunisian chili pepper ( Capsicum frutescens L.) cultivars: Tebourba (Tb), Somaa (Sm), Korba (Kb), Awald Haffouzz (Aw) and Souk jedid (Sj). Thus, an experiment took place under greenhouse at Higher Institute of Agronomy, Chott Meriem, Tunisia and stress was induced during two months in water by NaCl (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 g/l). Results showed that increasing salinity stress, for all cultivars, decreases the height and biomass (dry and fresh weight) of plant in addition to the relative water content. Also, a decline in K + and Ca 2+ amounts in roots and K +/Na + ratio was recorded. However, Na + content in roots and the biosynthesis of soluble sugars and soluble proteins in leaves increased. Awlad Haffouzz and Korba cultivars succefully tolerated highest salinity level by accumulating more K +, Ca 2+ in roots and containing the highest concentrations of soluble sugars and soluble protein in their leaves contrary to Souk jedid cultivar, considered as the sensitive cultivar.
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Study of photosynthesis process in the presence of low concentrations of clomazone herbicide in tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum)
стр.229-245
Darwish Majd, Lopez-Lauri Félicie, Sallanon Huguette
The effect of chemical residues of clomazone on photosynthetic processes has been studied by using several low concentrations of the herbicide (0, 1, 0.1, 0.01, 0.001, 0.0001 and 0.00001) µM and seedlings of two varieties of tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.cv.Virginie vk51, Nicotiana tabacum, L.cv. Xanthi ). The content of photosynthetic pigments, the parameters of the chlorophyll-a fluorescence and the JIP-test were performed on an adult leaf (AL) and a young leaf (YL), that gave a complementary design to know the action's mode of clomazone on the plant physiological processes. Clomazone reduced the total chlorophyll (a+b), carotenoids pigments (reduction in size antenna pigments judged by an increase in the chlorophyll a/b ratio) in young leaves more than adults leaves. The maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII) decreased significantly in young leaves compared to adult leaves and in (Virginie) variety than (Xanthi) variety. Among the parameters calculated of the JIP-test most affected by the treatment, PIabs, 1-VJ, ABS/RC, DI0/RC, TR0/RC, ET0/RC, ET0/ABS, which indicated a comparable effects of clomazone(1μM, 0.1µM, 0.01µM) between the two types of leaves and the varieties used. More, the results showed that the concentration (1μM) was the most effective among the other low concentrations used and the (Virginie) variety is more sensitive than the (Xanthi) variety. We conclude that clomazone has probably two combined functions (physiological, toxic) judged by the different behavior of both types of leaves in the presence of the herbicide.
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Cold hardening prevents H 2O 2-induced programmed cell death in maize coleoptiles
стр.246-257
Корсукова А.В., Грабельных О.И., Побежимова Т.П., Королева Н.А., Федосеева И.В., Павловская Н.С., Любушкина И.В., Боровик О.А., Федяева А.В., Возненко С.А., Ильюшнева Э.М., Войников В.К.
An influence of cold hardening (8 °С, 7 days) on the respiration intensity, the content of reactive oxygen species and DNA fragmentation in coleoptiles of maize etiolated seedlings of different ages and a possibility of the cold hardening to prevent execution of the cell death, induced by treatment with 10 mM H 2O 2 (for 4 hours) of seedlings have been studied. It has been shown that H 2O 2 induces total DNA fragmentation in coleoptiles of maize etiolated seedlings, and a preliminary cold hardening prevents this process.
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Parental drought and defoliation effect on yield, grains biochemical aspects and drought performance of sorghum progeny
стр.258-272
Ibrahim A.H., El-Shahaby O.A., Abo-Hamed S.A., Younis M.E.
This study was designed to evaluate the effect of drought stress and drought with defoliation on yield parameters of three sorghum varieties (Giza 15, Dorado and Hybrid 113). Also, the effect of these parental stress treatments on drought performance of progeny of the most drought tolerant variety was investigated. Application of drought stress in the vegetative stage non significantly affected panicles number, grain yield and harvest index of all cultivars. Drought stress in the reproductive stage of Giza 15 and Hybrid 113 cultivars caused a two fold increase in length of lateral branch and panicles number. However, grain yield and total panicles weight were significantly reduced in all cultivars due to this stress. Application of drought with defoliation in the vegetative stage reduced shoot and straw weights, and grain yield in sorghum in comparison with drought stress only. Protein-N and polysaccharides content were decreased in parent grains in response to water stress. The stress intensity index (SII) of progeny from drought- subjected parents was about 30-fold greater than SII of progeny from control parents. Further, SII of progeny from parents exposed to drought stress in the vegetative stage was higher than the SII of progeny from parents subjected to drought stress in the vegetative stage. A strong negative correlation appeared between the stress intensity index of the progeny and polysaccharides content of parent grains. Based on our research parental defoliation did not improve the drought resistance of sorghum progeny.
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Protective effect of ghrelin on isoniazid-induced liver injury in rat
стр.273-282
Kheyabany Shadi Sar Kheyr, Nabavizadeh Fatemeh, Vaezi Gholam Hassan, Alizadeh Ali Mohammad, Nahrevanian Hossein, Moslehi Azam, Azizian Saleh
Ghrelin (GHR) is a peptide that has protective effects on many tissues injury. It has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Isoniazid (INH) a widely used antituberculosis drug, has hepatotoxic side effect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of ghrelin in liver toxicity due to isoniazid. Eighteen male rats were used in this study and divided in to three groups. Including: control, isoniazid, isoniazid and ghrelin groups. Nitric oxide(NO), prostaglandin E2(PGE2), and hepatic enzymes, ALT(alanine aminotransferase), AST(aspartate aminotransferase), ALK(alkaline phosphatas), were assessed and histologic study of liver were performed as indicators of liver damage following isoniazid toxicity. Ghrelin significantly increased NO metabolites and decreased PGE2 level comparison with INH group, but had no significant change compared to the control group. This study showed that ghrelin administration inhibited liver injury in rats due to isoniazid toxicity. The liver protective role of ghrelin may be mediated at least in part by its anti-inflammatory effect.
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Dependence of Guaiacol Peroxidase Activity on pH in Officinal Plant Leaves
стр.283-288
Живетьев М.А., Граскова И.А., Войников В.К.
For the first time, the guaiacol peroxidase activity have been studied by different pH in lamina of Achillea asiatica Serg., Veronica chamaedrys L., Taraxacum officinale Wigg., Alchemilla subcrenata Buser.
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Alteration of SH-group Contents in Red Beet Roots and Vacuoles under Osmotic Stress
стр.289-295
Озолина Н.В., Нестёркина И.С., Ситнева Л.А., Лаптева Т.И., Нурминский В.Н., Колесникова Е.В., Саляев Р.К.
The content of sulfhydryl groups in homogenate of red beets and isolated vacuoles under the conditions of osmotic stress was determined. It was demonstrated that the common content of sulfhydryl groups in the isolated vacuoles was 2.4 times higher, than in the homogenate. Under the conditions of osmotic stress, it was primarily denoted the reduction of common content of sulfhydryl groups in homogenate and in the isolated vacuoles. The most interesting results were obtained in determination of correlations between protein and non-protein SH-groups. Under the conditions of osmotic stress, while the contents of non-protein SH-groups in the isolated vacuoles was reduced, non-protein SH-groups in homogenate was greatly increased. This may be explained by the influx of the substances containing SH-groups out of vacuoles. Obtained results allow us to conclude that vacuoles play an important role in plant cell antioxidant processes and in maintenance of intracellular redox-homeostasis.
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