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PRODUCTION OF POLYCLONAL ANTI-Β-TUBULIN ANTIBODIES AND IMMUNODETECTION OF VAIRIMORPHA (NOSEMA) CERANAE (OPISTHOSPORIDIA: MICROSPORIDIA) PROLIFERATIVE STAGES IN THE MIDGUTS OF APIS MELLIFERA AND IN THE SF9 CELL CULTURE
стр.3-9
Senderskiy I.V., Ignatieva A.N., Kireeva D.S., Dolgikh V.V.
A number of methods to detect microsporidia infections are based on recovery of spores due to their thick refractive spore walls and presence of chitin that easily binds to fluorogenic and chromogenic stains. Visualization of intracellular stages in infected cells and organs has been always a challenge. In this report a new immunodetection method based on the use of β-tubulin antibodies, has been developed to mark the intracellular life cycle stages of Vairimorpha (Nosema) ceranae, an emergent pathogen of Apis mellifera. For this purpose, we carried out the heterologous expression of the V. ceranae β-tubulin gene in E. coli cells and obtained polyclonal antibodies to the recombinant protein. The antibodies were successfully applied for immunolabelling of microsporidian cells in insect midguts in vivo as well as in Sf9 cell culture in vitro.
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF ZOOSPOROGENESIS’ GENES OF THE BASTOCLAD BLASTOCLADIELLA EMERSONII AND THE APHELID PARAPHELIDIUM TRIBONEMATIS REVEALS THE NEW DIRECTIONS OF EVOLUTIONARY RESEARCH
стр.10-23
Pozdnyakov I.R., Zolotarev A.V., Karpov S.A.
The aphelids, intracellular parasitoids of algae, have a life cycle similar to zoosporic fungi Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota, and are positioned as a sister clade to all fungi on the recent multigene phylogenetic tree. The fungi and aphelids might possibly have a common ancestor with a complex life cycle somewhat similar to modern zoosporic fungi. To investigate this possibility we have analyzed the genes that increase expression during zoosporogenesis of the blastoclad fungus Blastocladiella emersonii based on the transcriptomic data of Vieira and Gomes (2013), and described the course of sporogenesis at the molecular level. Homologs of genes from the B. emersonii gene set were found in various lineages of the Opisthokonta group, and specifically in the transcriptome of Paraphelidium tribonematis. We calculated the percentage ratios of genes that formed common functional groups and the genes with homologs in various clades of related organisms. We found that zoospore production of a blastoclad fungus is a multi-phase process, where switching of the regulatory elements takes place. The analyzed genes are distributed as follows: 81% are common for all Opisthokonta, 16% are specific for Fungi and only 3% are common to Fungi and aphelids but none are found in the Holozoa lineage. Based on these data we propose a hypothesis on the independent origin of the life cycle in Fungi and Aphelida from a polymorphic ancestor.
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SYMPHONY OF MINIMALISM: PECULIAR ENDOSYMBIOSIS OF MYCOPLASMAS AND PROTISTS
стр.24-33
The interaction of minimal biosystems, such as the smallest prokaryotic cells and the most simply arranged unicellular eukaryotic organisms, can become a very attractive model from both fundamental and applied points of view. This mini-review considers so far the only one known phenomenon of true endosymbiosis between some of the simplest prokaryotic cells capable of autonomous replication (Mycoplasma hominis and Candidatus Mycoplasma girerdii), and a minimalistic unicellular obligate human parasite (Trichomonas vaginalis). The description of the T. vaginalis - M. hominis “Trojan horse” supports the speculation about the potential of protists as the probable underestimated natural reservoir for mycoplasmas - pathogens of plants and animals. Fantasizing about the creation of artificial endosymbionts on the platform of natural minimal cell models and the perspectives of their use hopefully will be a tempting bonus to the reader.
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FIRST RECORD OF THE SUCTORIAN CILIATE OPHRYODENDRON ABIETINUM (CILIOPHORA, PHYLLOPHARYNGEA), THE EPIBIONT OF HYDROZOA IN THE WHITE SEA
стр.34-40
Khabibulina V., Melekhin M., Belokon M., Borodin N.
The species of the genus Ophryodendron are epibionts of various invertebrate animals. They are rarely found in nature, and very little research has been dedicated to them recently. Ophryodendron abietinum, an epibiont of a hydrozoan Obelia longissima, was discovered in the White Sea for the first time. This study provides a description of O. abietinum life cycle forms and host-epibiont interactions.
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KONSTANTIN SERGEYEVITCH MEREZHKOVSKY (1855-1921) - THE PROTISTOLOGIST WHO DISCOVERED THE ORIGIN OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS
стр.41-45
This article presents a life story of Prof. K.S. Merezhkovsky and his contribution to protistology and evolution theory. Despite the conventional point of view, he cannot be treated as a pure botanist, but rather as protistologist, zoologist, and even a successful anthropologist and science fiction writer.
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PROFESSOR THOMAS CAVALIER-SMITH FRS, FRSC (1942-2021)
стр.46-48
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