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THE INTERPLAY OF TWO INVADERS: CAN BLOOMS OF THE POTENTIALLY TOXIC DINOFLAGELLATES PROROCENTRUM CORDATUM BE DOWNREGULATED BY THE NERITIC COPEPODS ACARTIA TONSA?
стр.103-111
Telesh I.V., Khanaychenko A.N., Skarlato S.O.
The article compares ecological requirements of the potentially toxic bloom-forming dinoflagellates Prorocentrum cordatum and their grazers, the neritic calanoid copepods Acartia tonsa in the Baltic and Black seas. A preliminary analysis of the ecological niche characteristics of these two common invasive species allowed assuming the partial juxtaposition of their niches and speculating on the perspectives of this phenomenon for the invasion success and putative top-down control of harmful algal blooms in marine coastal ecosystems.
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THE DESCRIPTION OF TWO NEW SPECIES OF TESTATE AMOEBAE FROM SUSPENDED SOIL OF THE AERIAL ROOTS AT THE TROPICAL URBAN PARK IN HAINAN (CHINA) AND THE REVIEW OF THE GENUS BULLINULARIA DEFLANDRE, 1953 (AMOEBOZOA: ARCELLINIDA)
стр.112-129
Bobrov A., Mazei N., Mazei Yu.
Testate amoeba species composition from the suspended soil of the aerial roots of Ficus sp. and two other biotopes in the Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise Forest Park, Hainan, China is described. Testate amoebae diversity was highest in the suspended soil of the aerial roots (36 taxa) followed by ground soil (25) and litter deposited in the tree hollow (11). Two new species, namely Bullinularia maxima and Bullinularia macroporum, are described as a result of the taxonomic revision of the genus Bullinularia. The key to the species and brief synopsis of the genus Bullinularia is developed.
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BLASTOCRITHIDIA FRUSTRATA SP. N. (KINETOPLASTEA, TRYPANOSOMATIDAE) FROM THE BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG HALYOMORPHA HALYS (STÅL) (HEMIPTERA, PENTATOMIDAE)
стр.130-146
Malysheva M., Ganyukova A., Frolov A.
The article describes a new species of monoxenous trypanosomatids Blastocrithidia frustrata from brown marmorated stink bugs Halyomorpha halys collected in the south of Russia (Sochi) and Abkhazia (Sukhumi). A unique morphological feature distinguishing this new species from the earlier described representatives of the genus Blastocrithidia is a developed zone of flagellum attachment to rostrum (FAZ), which is represented by macular hemidesmosomes. The presence of FAZ used to be considered a characteristic feature of dixenous flagellates of Trypanosoma genus. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of 18S rRNA gene has demonstrated that B. frustrata is included into the monophyletic cluster within the limits of the clade comprised of Blastocrithidia spp. This cluster includes, among others, the isolates, which were earlier identified among the Hemiptera in China (Typing Units Ch7) and Papua New Guinea (TU63). Isolates 332 MK and 4femMK, which we address in our research, prove to be 100% identical to the isolates from Ch7 and TU63 in terms of sequences of 18S rRNA. However, our experimental deciphering of the life cycle of B. frustrata in H. halys revealed an unstable pattern of infections. Although the development of these trypanosomatids in the host after experimental infection occurs according to the scenario typical for Blastocrithidia and results in the formation of cyst-like amastigotes (=straphangers), the vertical transmission of parasites (from parent to offspring) does not take place, while horizontal one occurs rarely, if ever. This allows to conclude that H. halys is a nonspecific host for B. frustrata.
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VARIATION OF THE MICROTUBULAR CYTOSKELETON ORGANIZATION IN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS PELOMYXA (AMOEBOZOA, ARCHAMOEBAE, PELOBIONTIDA)
стр.147-159
Chistyakova L., Berdieva M., Tsarev V., Frolov A.
The structure of the microtubular cytoskeleton was studied in four species of the genus Pelomyxa: P. gruberi, P. belevskii, P. binucleata and P. stagnalis. We characterized in detail the spatial organization of the microtubular cytoskeleton in the cells of these protists with the help of immunofluorescent staining combined with TEM. The microtubular cytoskeleton consisted of three main components: the flagellar apparatus, the microtubules associated with the outer nuclear membrane and the cytoplasmic microtubules. In all the four species of Pelomyxa examined in this study, the organization of the basal apparatus of different flagella could vary even in the same individual. This variation, possibly associated with the morphophysiological polarity of the cells, may be determined by the position of the flagella on the long axis of the pelomyxa’s body.
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RECOVERY OF PROLIFERATIVE CAPABILITY IN GAMMA IRRADIATED COLPODA CUCULLUS (CILIATED PROTIST) RESTING CYSTS AND ITS RADIATION HORMESIS
стр.160-171
Saito R., Koizumi R., Sakai T., Shimizu T., Ono T., Wanner M., Takyu T., Tanaka T., Sogame Y.
The resting cyst is one of the quietest life stages (i.e. cryptobiosis) with hardly measurable or even ceased metabolic activity. However, are the resting cysts just resting? Here, to our knowledge, we report for the first time radiation hormesis in resting cysts. In the present study, we focused on the proliferative capability of excysted cells from 500-4000 Gy-gamma-irradiated Colpoda cucullus resting cysts by a bioassay method. Generally, excysted cells from irradiated cysts lose their proliferative capability. However, we observed an increased proliferative capability promoted by low doses of irradiation. Cells, which had excysted from 500-Gyirradiated cysts, restored their proliferation capability with a recovery period of 12 h and 24 h before excysting. Additionally, cells, which had excysted from 500-4000-Gy irradiated cysts, recovered proliferative capability by re-forming resting cysts. Here, the proliferative capability of excysted cells from 500-Gy-irradiated cysts was even higher than that of non-irradiated.
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SPATIO-TEMPORAL OCCURRENCE OF INFECTIONS BY THE MICROSPORIDIUM LIEBERMANNIA DICHROPLUSAE
стр.172-177
Lange C.E., Mariottini Ya., de Wysiecki M.L., Cigliano M.M.
Liebermannia dichroplusae is an intracellular parasite that develops in the epithelium cells of the Malpighian tubules of the univoltine melanopline Dichroplus elongatus, a common and widespread grasshopper in southern South America that readily becomes an agricultural pest when outbreaks occur. Heavy infections by L. dichroplusae cause conspicuous pathologies and are clearly deleterious to the host. Transovarial transmission is the main route of infection in L. dichroplusae while horizontal transmission appears to be rare. The examination of 243 samples containing a total of almost 17.000 nymphs and adults of D. elongatus collected at 88 localities in eight provinces of Argentina between 1984 and 2017 showed that L. dichroplusae appears to occur only in the central-eastern Pampas region (Buenos Aires province) while its host inhabits almost the whole country. It is hypothesized that the relatively localized occurrence of L. dichroplusae compared to the wide geographical range of its host, could be the result of the combination of the dominant mode of transmission of the pathogen the pathologies it causes, and the main type of dispersal of D. elongatus.
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INDUCED PHAGOTROPHY IN THE MIXOTROPHIC DINOFLAGELLATE PROROCENTRUM CORDATUM: EXPLORING THE ROLE OF CYTOSKELETON IN PREY INGESTION
стр.178-185
Berdieva M., Fel A., Kalinina V., Skarlato S., Matantseva O.
The bloom-forming marine planktonic dinoflagellate Prorocentrum cordatum (syn. Prorocentrum minimum) is well known as a mixotrophic species; however, unraveling the cellular and molecular mechanisms of phagotrophy in this organism is still on the way. We focused on exploring the contribution of the cytoskeletal proteins to phagotrophy in P. cordatum. The drugs affecting cytoskeleton arrangement and functioning - cytochalasin D and nocodazole - were applied in the study. We tested the effect of pharmacological treatments on the frequency of ingestion of the prey cryptophyte Teleaulax amphioxeia by the grazer P. cordatum. Incubation with drugs resulted in a decrease in the fraction of dinoflagellate cells containing food vacuoles. The role of different cellular structures in the phagotrophy of prorocentroid dinoflagellates is discussed.
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