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INTERVIEW WITH FEDOR VASILEVICH - RECTOR OF MOSCOW STATE ACADEMY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY NAMED AFTER K.I. SKRYABIN, ACADEMICIAN OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
стр.3-9
Interview with Fedor Vasilevich - rector of Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin, academician of the Russian academy of sciences. Interview taken on April 12, 2016 by Editor-in-Chief of RJOAS.
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INTERVIEW WITH NIKOLAI PIMENOV - PROFESSOR OF THE RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, ASSISTANT OF VICE-RECTOR ON SCIENCE AND INNOVATIONS OF MOSCOW STATE ACADEMY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY NAMED AFTER K.I. SKRYABIN
стр.10-14
Interview with Nikolai Pimenov - professor of the russian academy of sciences, assistant of vice-rector on science and innovations of Moscow State Academy Of Veterinary Medicine And Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin. Interview taken on April 14, 2016 by Editor-in-Chief of RJOAS.
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INTERVEW WITH ANNA GONCHAROVA - ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SMALL DOMESTIC, LABORATORY AND EXOTIC ANIMALS OF MOSCOW STATE ACADEMY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY NAMED AFTER K.I. SKRYABIN
стр.15-18
Intervew with Anna Goncharova - associate professor of department of biology and pathology of small domestic, laboratory and exotic animals of Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin. Interview taken on April 15, 2016 by Editor-in-Chief of RJOAS.
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DEPARTMENT «BIOLOGY AND PATHOLOGY OF SMALL DOMESTIC, LABORATORY AND EXOTIC ANIMALS» OF MOSCOW STATE ACADEMY OF VETERINARY MEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY NAMED AFTER NAMED AFTER K.I. SKRYABIN: FROM ITS ORIGINS TO THE PRESENT DAY - A STANDARD OF QUALITY AND PRO
стр.19-28
The article presents the history of creation and development of the Department «Biology and pathology of small domestic, laboratory and exotic animals» of Moscow State Academy of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnology named after K.I. Skryabin. Particular attention is paid to key activities and achievements in ensuring a high scientific and educational level of graduates and specialists of the department.
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DIFFERENTIAL AND DIAGNOSTIC CRITERIA FOR EVALUATION OF CICATRICIAL OPACIFICATIONS AT HORSES’ CORNEA DEPENDING ON HEALING OF ULCERATIVE KERATITIS
стр.29-37
Goncharova A.V., Sotnikova L.F.
Complexity of cornea pathological processes requires enhanced study of eye ball anterior segment diseases. There are many different etiological factors enabling the onset and pathological process of ulcerative keratitis, which can be divided into two groups: exogenic factors, including trauma, blow, impalement and foreign body embedment, and endogenic factors occurring in present destructive changes in cornea. Functional tests are used for evaluation of cornea properties and prediction of disease recurrence. It is demonstrated that in treatment of chronic opacification the physiological barrier of eye ball anterior segment restores and cornea completely restores its properties, describing its shining, specularity and sphericity, that functional tests values prove.
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RISK FACTORS OF EMERGENCE AND CLINICAL-MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HORSES’ HEAD DERMATOSIS
стр.38-47
Biryukova L.I., Sotnikova L. F.
The aim of the study was based on analysis of data history, clinical examination of sick animals, the study of the pathological process zone, biochemical studies of blood serum and morphological study of the skin in the affected area to develop a scientifically sound approach to the etiopathogenesis and diagnosis of two major dermatoses in the heads of the horses. The results showed that cutaneous papillomatosis susceptible horses from 1 year to 2.5 years, undergoing breaking, which trigger the activation of a factor in the epidermis papillomavirus horses. Dermatoses of the inner surface of the ear disease is registered only in horses, characterized by the presence of somatic disorders in horses older than 4 years of age.
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PERIPHERAL UVEITIS’ CLINICAL OPHTALMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF SPORTING EQUINE
стр.48-55
Ilina A.V., Sotnikova L.F.
Study of eye uveal surface diseases of horses is one of the fundamental problems of veterinary ophthalmology. Peripheral uveitis (posterior uveitis, chorioretinitis) is one of the most common diseases of sport horses. They suffer from great stress due to frequent and energy-consuming trainings. Stress as a predisposing factor of decrease in immunity leads to development of multiple pathologies, with infections and allergies playing the essential part among them, which, in turn, is the initiating factor for peripheral uveitis development. Peripheral uveitis is a long inflammatory process that involves damage of pars ciliary body, retina peripheral part and sub-choroid. For the past ten years number of sport horses has increased sharply and number of pathology cases has become more frequent, thus finding solution to this problem is very important. The problem of peripheral uveitis of horses is important because of absence of choroid innervations, frequent loss of eyesight, that in turn cause great damage to horse working capacity. The disease is mediated by chronic relapsing course, as well as by severity of outcomes and insufficient therapy. The disease usually has no symptoms at early stages due to absence of evident clinical events. Whereas subjective symptoms (fearfulness, disorientation, changes in head position) occur in late stages, when the disease has already affected the retina and the optic disk.
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ENDOSCOPIC CYCLOPHOTOCOAGULATION AS A METHOD OF INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE’S DECREASE AT HYPERTENSIVE GLAUCOMA OF DOGS AND CATS
стр.56-65
Komarov S.V., Saroyan S.V.
Finding the most effective and minimally invasive treatment of glaucoma is the relevant task of the modern veterinary ophthalmology due to glaucoma’s wide spread, heavy clinical symptoms and complications in pets. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is one of the modern laser adjustment methods of high intraocular pressure. This new technology of laser cyclophotodestruction enables to decrease production of intraocular fluid by the ciliary body. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation is one of the most effective treatment methods of ophthalmic hypertension. The article justifies the selection of treatment method in patients with glaucoma. Surgical Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation treatment of ocular hypertension includes coagulation of ciliary processes with Infrared laser using the endoscope. We first adapted this method for animal treatment in 2014. Additional advantages of this method include the possibility to perform Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation simultaneously with other surgeries, such as extraction of traumatized or swelling cataract or lens luxation and vitrectomy when associated with initial or developed glaucoma. The article describes the selection algorithm of glaucoma patients’ treatment, possibilities of therapeutic treatment and Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation procedure with description of subsequent therapeutic treatment of patients after the surgery for best therapeutic effect aiming for preserving visual function. Endoscopic cyclophotocoagulation advantages include precise and topical action, short-term procedure, quick post-surgical recovery, preservation of the visual organ and good cosmetic effect.
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HELMINTH FAUNA AND MICROBIOCENOSIS OF INSECTIVORES (INSECTIVORA: ERINACEIDAE) AND RODENTS (RODENTIA: SCIURIDAE) INHABITING IN THE CONDITIONS OF ANTHROPOGENIC PRESSURE
стр.66-75
Vasilevich F.I., Davydova O.E., Pimenov N.V.
The results of helminthological and bacteriological studies of rodents (squirrels) and insectivores (hedgehogs) of the urban biotope are presented. Causes of helminthiases outbreaks were studied. The possibility of the use of information about helminth fauna and the invasion intensity of micromammals by helminths as indicators of anthropogenic pollution are pointed. The possible measures for fighting and prevention of the helminthiases of micromammals inhabiting in the urban forest area of Moscow are proposed.
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MICROBIAL PROFILE OF THE DIGESTIVE CANAL OF BUDGERIGARS (MELOPSITTACUS UNDULATUS)
стр.76-82
Laishevtcev A.I., Pimenov N.V., Kapustin A.V., Yakimova E.A.
The results of determination of normal and pathogenic microflora of the digestive canal of clinically healthy budgerigars birds ( Melopsittacus undulatus ) contained in the conditions of the city of Moscow and the Moscow region are shown in article. Also, the possibility bacterial carriage in this species of birds, including microorganisms that are dangerous to humans is revealed.
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STUDYING OF PREVENTIVE AND MEDICAL EFFECTIVENESS OF BACTERIOPHAGES’ PREPARATION AT MASTITIS OF COWS IN THE CONDITIONS OF LACTIC AND COMMODITY FARM
стр.83-89
Pimenov N.V., Glazunov E.A., Sotnikova L.F., Popova V.M., Zhilenkov E.V., Yuskevich V.V.
The search for cow mastitis treatment medications and methods to yield a biologically pure product is a pressing issue of the veterinary medicine. Bacteriophages may represent an alternative to antibiotics for cow mastitis prevention and treatment. The study proved a high protective efficacy of the bacteriophage-based Fagoderm medication which was used before the start of the dry cow period. An unstable treatment efficacy was noted in the clinical mastitis cases, prospects were featured of a further study of the treatment and preventive efficacy of the phage medications for cow subclinical mastitis.
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STUDYING OF PREVENTIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF BACTERIOPHAGES’ PREPARATION AT ENDOMETRITIS OF COWS IN THE CONDITIONS OF LACTIC AND COMMODITY FARM
стр.90-96
Glazunov E. A., Pimenov N.V., Sotnikova L.F.
An opportunity was studied for adapting and introducing into the veterinary practice of the bacteriophage-based Fagogin medication for the prevention of cow postpartum endometritis. The use of the phage medication made it possible to increase the efficiency of the endometritis preventive services, as compared with the conventional regimen. The study enables the introduction into the dairy breeding practice of a comprehensive veterinary treatment scheme alternative to the antibiotic treatment.
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DEVELOPMENT OF A VACCINE AGAINST BLACKLEG OF CATTLE
стр.97-102
Specific prevention of cattle blackleg in the Russian Federation for decades is implementing using «Vaccine against the blackleg in cattle and sheep concentrated inactivated». The drug causes intense immunity against Clostridium chauvoei lasting at least 6 months after a single injection, which is sufficient in practically all regions of the country, because in the stall period, which lasts 6-7 months, the disease is almost not occur. Over the entire period of existence the drug does not caused any complaints. However, currently in connection with the development of intensive cattle breeding, the emergence of new highly productive breeds of cattle and importation into the territory of new diseases, the use for immunization of associated vaccines including vaccines against blackleg becomes actual. Insofar as on the market there were no domestic associated vaccines against the anaerobic diseases of cattle, our task was to develop an associated vaccine against the most actual Clostridium infections of cattle, including blackleg, and to carry out a comparative study of the immunogenic activity of Clostridium chauvoei component in associated vaccine and mono vaccine against blackleg.
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MANAGEMENT OF WASTE BY-PRODUCTS IN MEDIUM-SCALE COMMERCIAL POULTRY FACILITIES IN PERI-URBAN IBADAN, NIGERIA
стр.103-107
Akintayo Oluremi, Quainoo Jemimah
Due to increasing human population in and around the city, it is important to pay attention to issues related to the environment and human health, especially poultry waste management towards environmental sustainability in peri-urban areas. The three waste by-products of primary concern in poultry production are the litter, the manure and dead birds common to all operations. With the aid of a pre-tested and validated questionnaire, data were obtained from forty poultry farmers whose medium-scale commercial facilities were located in peri-urban Ibadan, Nigeria and were selected through a multistage sampling technique. Eighty percent of the farmers regarded poultry waste by-products as useful and valuable resource while twenty percent regarded the wastes as nuisance that had to be disposed of. The predominant methods of poultry waste by-product disposal were burying of carcasses and litter, burning of carcasses, direct application of litter on crop farms and feed source for other livestock such as swine and fish. None of the farmers composted the wastes and none used them for bio-energy production. There was positive and significant correlation between farm operators’ training and distance of farm to natural surface water (r=0.621*, p=0.031). There is need for impact assessment studies on the effects of poultry facilities on the environment with particular reference to underground and surface waters.
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FORMATION OF CRITERIA FOR EFFECTIVE MANAGEMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISE
стр.108-116
Zaporozhtseva L.A., Ryabykh M.E.
The article is devoted to topical problems in the field of enterprise's management. The criteria establishing of effective management of the agricultural enterprise was the main research goal. This is caused by inadequate provision of agricultural production with highly qualified management personnel, by need for its evaluation and attraction on the basis of innovative criteria-based approach. A systematic approach was used as a general methodological basis of the research, also a set of methods implementations and analogies, scientific abstraction, induction and deduction were applied. The authors formulate some aspects of effective management according to specificity of agricultural enterprises' activity. The definition of management effectiveness and criteria for its evaluation are presented in the article. This approach will enable the owner to evaluate the activities of managerial personnel and make a decision in terms of its reward and (or) renewal of labour contract. This fact will help for maintain sustainable and effective development of agricultural enterprises and for ensuring of its «lifetime» growth.
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ADOPTION OF FARM MANAGEMENT PRACTICES BY SMALLHOLDER COCOA FARMERS IN PRESTEA HUNI-VALLEY DISTRICT, GHANA
стр.117-124
Dennis Sedem Ehiakpor, Gideon Danso-Abbeam, Judidia Zutah, Alhassan Hamdiyah
As part of Ghana’s quest to increase cocoa production, Cocoa Research Institute of Ghana has recommended farm management practices to help boost production levels. However, adoption of these management practices had been low, leading to yield levels below potential. This study investigates the adoption intensity and factors explaining the variation in adoption among smallholder cocoa farmers in Prestea Huni-Valley district of Ghana. A sample size of 180 cocoa farm households from eight communities were randomly selected and interviewed through a well-structured questionnaire. Majority (80%) of the sampled farmers have adopted four to six out of seven cocoa farm management practices identified. The Poison regression model was used to examine the determinants of intensity of adoption of the farm management practices. The results generally revealed that, marital status of the farmer, household size, educational attainment, membership of farmer-based organization and farmer receiving extension services are all significant variables explaining farmer’s decision to adopt cocoa farm management practices. The study concludes by suggesting that farm level policies such as extension service delivery system should be strengthen in terms of staff and methodologies .
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DESCRIPTIVE AND LOGISTIC REGRESSION APPROACHES FOR ANALYZING THE FACTORS AFFECTING THE ADOPTION OF COCOA AGROFORESTS BY FARMERS IN THE CENTRE REGION OF CAMEROON
стр.125-134
Achille Jean Jaza Folefack
After the 1990s drop of cocoa prices in the world market accompanied by liberalization in this sector, farmers in the Centre region of Cameroon were advised to supplement their revenue by shifting from the mono-crop of cocoa to the cultivation of cocoa agroforest. But until now, this practice is still timidly adopted by cocoa producers. This paper analyses the factors determining the adoption of cocoa agroforest by using both the descriptive statistics and logit model from data collected from 128 farmers residing in this area. The results reveal that, farmers adopting that technique are mostly young, male, member of peasant association, member in rural credit system, frequently in contact with extension agents, educated, land renters, employers of salarial labour, occupant of managerial position, with large household size, with previous practice of crops’ association or rotation and with low cocoa yield during the previous years. However, the likelihood is low to adopt the cocoa agroforest for those old farmers, owners of large land area, and with old cocoa orchards. The study therefore recommends to the government to popularize the cocoa agroforest by reviewing these disfavourable factors and by rewarding/subsidizing farmers planting supplementary trees within their cocoa orchards.
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FARMERS’ DECISION TO PARTICIPATE IN GOVERNMENT AGRICULTURAL PROGRAMMES IN A VOLATILE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT: A CASE STUDY OF FARMERS IN THE SOUTH-SOUTH REGION OF NIGERIA
стр.135-148
Sunday B. Akpan, Edet J. Udoh
Most government agricultural programmes in developing countries are designed following the political ideology of the ruling class and farmers have mixed responses regarding participation. The top - bottom approach adopted in designing these programmes further created dissatisfaction among farmers. Achieving the objectives of these programmes will depend on the level of farmers’ participation. Premised on this, the study determined factors that influence farmers’ participation in government agricultural programmes in the Southern region of Nigeria. Data were collected from 390 farmers in the study area. Combinations of sampling methods were used to collect data. The Logit model estimates revealed that, household size, dependent ratio, farming experience, years in social organization, land ownership, awareness index, membership in political party, non-farm income, visit by extension agent, male composition in farming population and level of formal education were positive determinants of farmers’ participation in government agricultural programmes in the study area. On the contrary, farm income and bureaucracy bottleneck involved in these programmes were negative determinants. Perceived constraints to farmers’ participation were; bureaucracy involve; insufficient land for implementation, high transport cost and low awareness. In order to increase farmers’ participation in agricultural based programme in the region, it is recommended that, government should reclaim marginal land and create a policy that will increase land ownership by resource poor farmers in the region. Farmers should be encouraged to form social groups. Massive awareness campaign should be mounted to sensitize farmers on government agricultural programmes in the region. Also, such programmes should be politically neutral and design following bottom-up approach.
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HOW DO WE PERCEIVE CLIMATE CHANGE? DIGGING DEEP IN TO THE PUBLIC CLIMATE CHANGE AWARENESS AND BELIEFS IN THE URBAN COMMUNITY OF SOUTHERN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
стр.149-159
Syed Amir Manzoor, Akash Jamil, Ahmed Nawaz Ansari, Sunbal Siddique, Jameel Javed, Zubair Khan, Muhammad Youaf, Mohsin Ijaz
The growing concern about climate change has rung its bell across the globe and thus the need of devising appropriate mitigation strategies has become inevitable to address this global issue. Climate change mitigation policies cannot be successfully implemented without considering the perception and acceptability of general public about this global crisis and the suggested tools to mitigate it. This study was designed to assess the climate change literacy and awareness among urban centers of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. The studies revealed that majority of the people living in this part of the country were well aware of the changing climate and had fairly clear opinion about the responsible agents for this change. Social media seemed to be the most influential source of educating people on this issue. However, the study highlighted the room of improvement in Government’s role to launch better campaigns which might involve people as stake holders in climate change mitigation process.
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HERBICIDES RESISTANCE OF BUR GRASSES IN RICE CROPS
стр.160-164
Lukacheva N.G., Kostyuk A.V.
The significance of studying of Echinochloa spp. resistance to herbicides as one of the most important reason of reduction of efficacy was established. A few cases of resistance in rice crops were also marked. This situation highlights the need for monitoring the sensitivity of weeds not only widely used, but also put into practice the new herbicides.
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ECONOMICS OF MARKETING WOOD FUEL IN SOUTH WESTERN NIGERIA
стр.165-171
Olugbire O.O., Opute O.H., Aremu F.J., Ojedokun C.A., Adisa A.
Marketing of fuel wood is an important source of livelihood for most parts of Nigeria. The study examined the economics of marketing of wood fuel in south western Nigeria with a view to determine the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers, the profitability of marketing wood fuel, the market structure and constraints to profitability. Data for the study were obtained from a total sample of 100 randomly selected wood fuel marketers through interviews schedules and application of structured questionnaires. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the socio-economic characteristics of the marketers. Cash analysis was used to determine the profitability of the enterprise while Gini-coefficient was used to examine the markets’ concentration. The result showed that majority of the marketers was in their active years as 51% were between 21-40 years of age. 71% were female while 56% of them were married. Most of the marketers (76%) had formal education and were well experienced in the business. Cash analysis revealed that marketing of wood fuel is profitable with an average Gross margin of 21,190.65 naira per month. The marketing efficiency was found to be 128% and the rate of return on investment was 28% which indicates that for every 100 naira investment in the business, the marketers will enjoy a return of 28 naira. The value of Gini-Coefficient (0.393) indicates high level of market concentration and inefficiency in the market structure. Transportation was the greatest constraint to the business profitability followed by season of the year and government policy.
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